Cold War Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Cold War Final - Essay Example Between 1947 and 1991, the Soviet Union faced up to the United States and its allies in a political tension that threatened the peace of other uninvolved nations. With the two groups having nuclear capabilities, the world nearly suffered due to differences. While none of the two actually engaged in military attacks against each other, threats were issued as diplomatic rows raged on (Totten, 2013). Unfortunately, even though the row involved only two groups, whatever else happened in the world was largely dictated by the events unfolding between the two. War- whether real or cold- is a detriment to education, and if could be avoided, that is the best option. Totten (2013) claims that the status of US education and the world at large was greatly affected by the standoff. Before the war escalated, the effects were not felt that much but that situation changed as the intensity of the war took to new heights. Sadly, the flashpoints witnessed during this war were passed on to the children hence affecting their lives negatively. Consequently, the relations between the students from the countries at war expressed similar attitudes to each thus polarizing the education status. Great fear seized the Western countries and their respective citizens with many fearing the worst in terms of economic status (Richards, 2012). Many feared that Russia’s financial gains would worsen the matter; the US feared domination of the rest of the world by Russia. As a result, every side tried as much as possible to assemble its allies in case the war turned violent. Furthermore, crisis happening elsewhere in the world saw each of the side support one and oppose the other with stakes. Today, though the intensity of the war is nowhere near that time, Bayulgen and Arbatli (2013) claim that there is still a cold war between the US and Russia. Recently, the US has

Business Paper- Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Paper- Ethics - Essay Example The executives got greedy and started an unethical and illegal accounting scam that cook up the numbers of overstating assets by capitalizing expenses while at the same time recognizing revenue that did not exist. The unethical behavior of this firm caught up to it and by 2002 the company filed bankruptcy and liquidated the little assets that were left leaving thousands of people out of work and out of a pension plan (Time). This paper discusses ethical behavior in the business world by providing related principles, theories and by providing real life examples of ethical behavior in the business environment. The ethical actions of a company and its collective efforts involved all the company’s stakeholders including customers, employees, vendors, suppliers, governmental agencies, shareholders, lenders among other stakeholders. A company must establish a formal code of ethics to ensure consistency and to establish a clear set of guidelines concerning acceptable and unacceptable behavior. An example of an organization that established a code of ethics for its enrolled membership is the Society of Professional Journalist. This organization set standards in its code of ethics regarding the work task and behavior of its members such as: A corporate strategy that has gained a lot of popularity which is related to correct ethical behavior is social responsibility. Social responsibility is a business’s obligation to maximize its positive impact and minimize its negative impact on society (Ferrell, et. al. 39). Firms with corporate responsibility philosophies care about the environment, its customers, the community around the company and the economic well being of its employees and shareholders. A company that has very respectful and effective social responsibility strategy is the world largest retail coffee chain retail store, Starbucks. Starbucks believes that strengthening its relationship with external stakeholders by utilizing communication and

The Consumer Electronics Industry And Apple Company Marketing Essay

The Consumer Electronics Industry And Apple Company Marketing Essay With the global economy boosting rapidly and continuous development of high and new technology, the competition of consumer electronic industry is becoming more intense. Depend on the hi-tech, consumer electronics manufacturers are able to push forward the productivity (Robert G., 2009), constant develop the varieties of consumer electronics, improve quality of product and service to meet consumer changing needs (Jeffrey, 2006), create a better satisfied life and change the society deeply. In the past, consumers have only a little choice in the consumers electronics due to there were not have many manufacturers in this industry, consumers feel easily to select in purchasing decision process (Ralph, 2011), but consumers are overwhelmed by too many choices now. As the consumer electronics marketers have realized in coming face to face with the brutal reality that its more difficult and complexity than ever to beat the competitors, so great is the worry of being shut out of this growing market for global marketers of consumer electronics. Under this market background, the growing role of marketing is to be seen. Marketing is about business creates consumers interest in products and services to the right price and place at the right time (Philip Kotler, 2009). Marketing is relating to understanding the needs wants of consumers and finding ways to offer products services which consumer satisfaction (Adcok, 2001). Marketing as a process for manufacturing, communicating, delivering and exchanging that provide value for consumers (Hochbaum, 2011). The marketing aims at meeting the needs of consumers and consumer satisfaction in return for business profit (Mohan, 2005). The theory of marketing is enriched day by day, the successful marketing is essential to any marketers to succeed (Schultz, 2006). Thus, for being success of marketing as a practice, it can be composed of a coordination of four or seven roles called marketing mix and also is called 4Ps or 7Ps (Chekitan, 2005). Marketing mix as a useful framework is that describes and decides how marketers driven consumer behavior to gain competitive advantages (Dennis, 2001). Marketers use this practice to try to create the optimal responses in the target market by compounding variables in an optimal method (Keller, 2012). Increasingly consumer electronics marketers are also gradually conscious of maintaining their sustainable competitive advantage to marketing by translate their core values into a rational marketing mix framework to effect on consumer purchasing decision (Levinson, 2007), so in the process of marketing, the role of marketing mix are becoming more importance than ever before (Halborg, 2002). Nowadays, consumer electronics marketers strive hard to run their marketing scenario with the right marketing mix which will enable them to foster a strong and sustainable competitive advantage (Schnnaars, 1997), moreover, they are also attempting to come out with sophisticates, effective and aggressive marketing mix are used to drive consumer behaviors to achieve objective of marketing (Meerman, 2011). Despite marketing has own many different definitions, but no matter what, in short, they all try to clarity the essence of marketing is about meeting the wants or needs of consumers (Yelland, 2000). If marketers want to directly driven consumer purchasing behavior in marketing, the premise is that they must determine what the phases of consumer buying decision making process while buying a product (Blackwell, 2005) and which the major factors are affecting consumer purchase behavior in each phase of this buying process. In other word, marketers must to know the demographics of their consumers and demand preference (Rakesh, 2006). Therefore, marketing as management process, which products and services move from concept to the consumer (Caroline, 2003), it is a consumer focused marketing that drives the entire market. Consumer is a central to all marketing activities (Moreno, 2010). Understanding how consumer behavior when they recognizing it, searching for, purchasing to use, evaluating it and expected satisfying will creates potent and available marketing mix (Christensen, 1998). There are many different complex dynamics closely interwoven with marketing, but can exactly forecast consumer behaviors thereby develop effective marketing mix to drive the variables that achieve desired outcome in line with the concept of marketing where consumers are satisfied and marketers meets their objectives( Clayton, 1999). Moreover, once marketers understand their target market, it is most likely their competitive advantages will be delivered to their correct target market and change consumer behavior by marketing mix (Deborah J. 2012), resulting in an expected final sales. Meanwhile, theres more than one perspective to say is that consumer behavior is an analysis of people and it can be used to create marketing mix framework that as a marketing tool to achieve target segments (Harper Boyd, 2007). Hence when the marketing mix and consumers behaviors are intervened, marketers will be able to success in their marketing and higher profits in industry market and sustainable competitive to future marketing development (Baker, 2008). However, experience has taught us that due to the significant differences exist in the relationship between consumers demographic variables and their perceptions of marketing mix in marketing procedure (Michael, 2007). Therefore, leverage operating in this relationship can be deeply challenging. Against this background described above, the Apple will serve as a case study to understand how marketing will successful drive consumer behavior by their marketing mix, this research with explore a relationship between components of marketing about the Apple marketing mix and consumers choice of the Apple product based on effects of demographic variables. With the marketing mix and consumers perception for Apple product, the effects of marketing on consumer behaviors can be understand. The interest for this study will base on the increased attention toward Singapore. Apple is an international enterprise that makes consumer electronics, computer software and commercial service, their core product lines are the iPhone, iPad, iPod music players, Macintosh line of computers, software and iTunes media browser (Kuester, 2009). For now, Apple is one of the worlds largest technological consumer electronics firm and the pioneers of consumer electronic industry by led a technological innovation (Neal Goldsten, 2012), Apples core product had a large market share in current consumer electronic market. Apple is well known for its successful marketing with effective marketing mix, in this digitalize tide (Homburg, 2007), consumer electronics manufacturers create value in the mind of their consumers, but the perception of value is subjective and what consumers value this year may be quite different from what they value next year (Tyson, 2011). Facing this more fierce competitive market, Apple still can successfully analysis the next wave of trend and grasp the continuous change of consumer preferences every time. It is awfully strange: how Apple to drive their marketing with the right marketing mix framework which will enable them to became the current worlds most valuable company by used in different stages of consumer buying decision making process, how the effects of Apple marketing on consumer behavior? the reasons why Apple is really successful strategic secrets of marketing are still a mystery to people, but one thing of which can be sure is that it didnt happen overnight. This research attempts to find that in a successful marketing, if there is a higher influences relationship between consumer behavior and marketing mix based on demographic variables. Through analyze the consumers behavior and perception for marketing of Apple in Singapore, to understand what marketing factors influences on consumer purchasing decision and how marketing mix can change consumer behaviors. I am taking several core products of Apple, iPhone, iPad, iPod, Macintosh line of computers, software and iTunes media browser are involved on this subject research, why is Apple outsells most other companies? How they successful implement the marketing? How are these products becoming a market leading position? What makes consumers go for these products? 1.2 Rationale The rationale is selecting the Apple instead of others of many. Firstly, as my research is Apple centered rather than consumer electronics industry, because different companies have different effects of marketing on consumers buying behavior by different marketing mix framework, but can better understand the process of marketing through my research. The second reason is that only use core product will not broaden the scope of my study, this will benefit from data search that can be easily obtained. Apple started out to get a personal computer in the hands of everyday and unique of products succeeded beyond others. With the introduction of the iPod in 2001, Apple successful established itself as a leader in the consumer electronics market (Kumar, 2011), and transfers a single area of computer from a new direction (Napier, 2010). After these, the success of the iPad has subverted traditional concept of in PC market again (Schneider, 2011). Since 2007, Apple Inc. has published the mobile product of iPhone that it is mean the touch screen has emerged and a real mobile phone war has begun in the mobile world (LaMarche, 2011). Additionally, the iTunes success revolutionizes music industry when Apple rolled out it for the masses in 2003 (Jantsch, 2010). Few companies can disrupt an industry only with a single product is launched, but Apple whose history is filled with such technological world-changing moments. The third reason for using Apple as a case study is that Apple had many successes in marketing. Ill confident of get high quality data richly in my research. 1.2.1 Benefits to the Consumer Electronics Industry and Apple Company To analyze the marketing of Apple by its marketing mix will encourage more consumer electronics business obtain success in the future. This research will bring out the effective marketing mix in consumer electronics industry, which helps in marketers to better understand the needs of consumer and marketing communications to achieve the objectives of marketing. The study also will demonstrate how consumer electronics companies can align their competitive capabilities and core competences to marketing communicate with their consumers and better satisfying the needs of the consumers. Moreover that doesnt mean the Apple product will be the only consumer electronic for everyone and destroy every consumer electronic on the future market. Therefore, this research also will undoubtedly help Apple to better monitor the their marketing framework and their consumers, the research result of consumer purchase behavior will use as a guidance that help enterprise to strategic plan marketing by improve marketing mix for a sustainable competitive advantages, also effective marketing help they in innovate development based on existing products and services to attract more potential consumers and retain the loyalty of old customers, know clearly their future opportunities and threats are faced so that can continually keep an invincible position in future. 1.2.2 Benefits to the Academics and the Society This research will be expected to study marketing based on the relationship between the influence of marketing mix and consumer purchasing behavior with many theories, not much has be studied on what if any factors have effect on customers and their buying choices by business marketing mix in marketing procedure. This research will try to support the future research as much as possible, at the least to describe the latest trends and development of this subject. A study of the significant differences in consumer behavior and their perception of marketing mix based on a distinct geodemographics. Academics and society will benefit from the relative problems of this subject answered by this research. 1.2.3 Personal Benefits As a market researcher, Im particularly interested in the marketing relate to an effects of factors on consumer purchasing decision via marketing mix framework as the mediator will explicitly examined. This will also be a unique opportunity to study marketing that focus on consumer purchasing behaviors and business marketing mix, which will support me in my future career as marketing professional. In addition, as a future manager, this research will show my ability of expertise to recognize marketing planning while meeting tough limited budget and time requirement. This research also will demonstrate my determination in of engaged in marketing management after graduate and encourage my entrepreneurial spirit. 1.3 Research Aims The aim of this dissertation is to research the influence of marketing mix through attitudinal buying behaviors consumers and further to evaluate the effects of marketing mix on attitudinal buying behaviors consumers. To identify the significant differences exist in the relationship between marketing mix perceptions of consumers and their consuming behavioral intentions based on their distinct demographic variables. Determine the influences of Apple marketing mix on consumers and their self-demographic characters have been taken as independent variables, and consumers purchasing intentions toward Apple product would become as a dependent variable. Further how the above mentioned independent variables will impact the consumer purchase intention for an Apple product will try to be studied. To understand consumer behavior understands how they interact the marketing mix that more conducive to effective marketing. From investigate in term of how marketing mix of Apple influence the consumer purchasing decision in Singapore. Additionally, do identify and assess the successful marketing which would be more helpful to my future career way after graduation. 1.4 Research Objectives According to the research problem, rationale and main aim detailed above, my research objectives are: 1. To identify there is a significant differences exist in the relationship between consumers responses for Apple marketing mix and consumer buying behaviors according to demographic variables in Singapore market. 2. To evaluate there is significant differences exist in the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behaviors in Singapore market. 3. To evaluate there is significant differences exist in the relationship between demographic variables and the perceptions of consumers for the Apple marketing mix in Singapore market. 4. To identify there is significant positive relationship between consumers perceptions of Apple products and consumers intentions to buy according to demographic variables in Singapore market. 5. To identify there is significant positive relationship between consumers consciousness of prices for Apple products and consumers intentions to buy according to demographic variables in Singapore market. 6. To identify there is significant positive relationship between consumers perceptions of promotions for Apple products and consumers intention to buy according to demographic variables in Singapore market. 7. To identify there is significant positive relationship between consumers perceptions of channel devilry for Apple products and consumers intention to buy according to demographic variables in Singapore market. 1.5 Research Questions This research will try hard to offer an in-depth analysis of major research problem and seek to overall purposes of research, so research questions are highlighted to the following: 1. Will demographic variables make significant affect consumers intentions to purchase Apple product? 2. Will demographic variables make significant affect consumers perceptions for Apple marketing mix? 3. Will Apple marketing mix has a positive impact on consumer buying behavior? 4. Will the value of Apple product make positive affect consumers intentions to buy on alternative evaluation stage of consumer purchasing decision process? And will the value of money as a significant medium influence on post-purchase and customer loyalty? 5. Will the price of Apple product as a significant medium influence on alternative evaluation stage of consumer purchasing decision process? 6. Will the promotion of Apple make a positive impact on consumers intentions to purchase an Apple product? 7. Will consumption channel of Apple make consumers feel satisfied and comforted? And if has a positive impact on consumers intentions to purchase an Apple product? 1.6 Dissertation Structure CHAPTER TWO Literature Review 2. Literature Review 2.1 Concept of Consumer Buying Behavior Consumer buying behavior is study based on consumer purchase decision making process and act of consumers involved in buying and using products. (businessdictionary.com, 2010). Understand the needs of consumers and their purchase behaviors are important when a marketer comes to success delivering products to the market. (Sheth, 1973) However, the most challenging thing about that every consumer is unique and has his own reason for purchasing a particular product in satisfaction of his needs and wants. Consumer buying behavior also trends to move with change continually in influential factors. As marketers, they must know what factors influence consumer purchase. The earliest literature review on consumer buying behavior is the book of Golden Rules of Business Success by Tao Zhu Gong (Fan Li, 439BC), which record about the importance of understanding the current and forecasting the future consumer purchasing trends, and then educating consumers, thereby influence their purchasing decision (Kotler et al, 1994). There is a wonderful example of how does Apple through evaluate consumer behavior to obtain an effective online marketing. Apple assume about consumer behavior are reflected in their online shopping. In consideration of an assumption for consumers time presses and technical savvy, Apple focus on their products and technology, and design with a tag relating to their core products like iPod, iPhone, Mac and iTunes in website. The design aim at facilitate information intensive and more convenient to consumers online shopping based on Apple behavioral assumption for consumers. This is a minimalist method that Apple assumes their target consumers are suspicious of hard sell, so Apple tries marketing toward soft sell approach. 2.2 Six Stages Consumer Purchasing Process A consumer gets through six stages in any purchase (Vashisht, 2005) (see Figure 1). According to this model, a consumer must first be recognizing a problem based on his needs. This perceiving could be external stimulated by marketing communication, physical cues or seeing the product in use (Neal, 2006). When the consumers are aware of they need, and then meaning the identification of product consumer needs, this stage depends on how important the product is to consumer by socially, economically and psychologically (Adcock, 2001). Once the consumers have recognized a problem, they enter the information search stage on products that look for solutions to their problems. Consumers could undertake both an internal search (memory), and an external search from commercial or public sources (Belch, 2007). Consumers will also tryout the product if possible. The consumers will have a rank or shortlist from which they will buy the products by then. After the information search, the shortlisted products will be compared and evaluated by product attributes, subjective factors or personal criteria (Gilligan, 2007). By the end of alternatives evaluation stage, the consumers would have decided on an ideal product to buy. When the alternatives have been evaluated, the consumers will decide to purchase product includes from whom to buy, where and when to buy, even whether to buy (Vashisht, 2005). Khosla, Swati (2002) notice that marketer must facilitate the action of consumers on purchase intention. In the final stage of post-purchase evaluation, the consumer compares it with his expectations and ranks his purchase levels of satisfaction. The evaluation determines if the consumer will purchase this product again and tell others (Mullin, 2008). With the newest MacBook in June, 2012, a case about the influence of Apple successful marketing on a typical consumers purchase decision making process based on six stages mentioned above. At first a consumer is going to recognizing need. This problem is recognized by the stimulus, like Apples secretive press conference. The result as may not be a truly essential item but still become his needs and he so desperately want it. After recognizing his needs, consumer starts an information search stage. Depend on a high interest, he is going to search all pertinent information for the newest MacBook, because he want understand it better, it include opinions for others and reviews to weight his own options. During this consumer to evaluate the alternatives, the result in the newest MacBook is very different from others and it is an innovative product. Now to his purchase decision, he is inclined to purchase the newest MacBook base his evaluations on a truly need level. Lastly, when he has gained the newest MacBook, he feels satisfaction on the post purchase. 2.3 Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior Various analysts categorize the many factors influencing consumer behavior in different classification. Relevant ways are internal and external factors by Koudelka (1996) and categorization in to sociocultural and psychological factors by Hitesh Bhasin (2010). Mowen and Minor (2009) identifies five factors, which they categorizes in to Personal, Social, Cultural, Psychological and Situational factors effect on consumer purchasing decision (see Figure 2). This way is also endorsed by Kujnish Vashisht et al. (2005). 2.3.1 Personal Factors Gilligan (2009) opinion that each of us is unique traits such as age, knowledge, profession, personality, lifestyle and financial situation will influence our consumer behavior. Kotler (2009) identifies that individual factors are highly linked to the human psychological factors. According personal factors, Apple will segment market into a meaningful consumer groups, better serve toward target consumer groups, provide differentiated serve to target consumers and positioning themselves in the minds of consumers. Another compelling example highlights how does Apple utilizes personal factors to implement their marketing successfully. Due to Gilligans opinion for everybody is unique, Apple allow consumer according to their own favor to download the different software in their devices so that assemble into a unique product for theirself, such as iTouch allow consumers to download their own favor games, music or moves by iTunes, thus everyone has a unique iTouch that should aim to maximize consumer satisfaction. 2.3.2 Cultural Factors Bob Perry (2009) suggests that cultural factors has most important effect on consumer purchasing decision due to they are the major cause of a personal needs and behavior. Cultural factors include personal value, attitude, perception, etc. cultural factors dominated by personal social culture, geographical area, education level or religious belief and life experiences of shape the personal consciousness or behavior ways (Wilson, 2009). Berkman (1986) note that social status also plays a role will be reflected in the consumer purchasing habits by a combination of income, wealth, education, occupation and others. For example, consumers used to measure their social status by their consumption level, higher consumption level represents the higher social status, Apple successful utilizes this variable to induce consumers purchase Apple product on an expensive side. Owning an Apple product has become a contemporary social sign. It means that youre doing well enough financial conditions to piss away on a higher-priced consumption level. 2.3.3 Social Factors Human beings live in a society and social factors are really important influence for individual buying behaviors. Family members, friends, relatives or colleagues often form reference groups who play an important role in influencing the purchasing decision of individuals (Hoyer Haythornthwaite, 2002). Hence, Apple did a smart application about networking, public forums discussion, and online reports share to indirect influencing the consumer emotion. Based on the modern socially-connected world, Apple marketing has benefited to public praise, word of mouth way, social proof or media hype by this variable (Macinnis, 2010). 2.3.4 Psychological Factors Psychological factors include personal motivation, views, needs, attitudes or perception. Marshal (2007) believes that individually psychology is the biggest challenges will be managed. If a resource is scarce, people will put a lot of value to it, Fernbach (2012) said, consumers go nuts, and they want to buy it. The rarer a thing is, the more it is value has been become the Apples marketing mantra is used to driven consumers psychology. Fernbach also indicated two other psychological behavioral factors play a role in helping Apple draw their consumer behaviors to marketing are impatience and herd mentality. Apple thinks that when we see others doing something, we will automatically to following. When Apple release iPhone 5 in September 21st 2012, many consumers take the time to line up outside Meadows mall in order to first to get an iPhone 5 (Denver, 2012). Conformity psychological trend will add personal value, acknowledge and self-recognition (Herzberg, 1987). 2.3.5 Situational Factors Foxall (1998) identified that situational factors accounted for a large proportion of consumer purchasing decision. The act of purchase is influenced by many factors: physical environment (mood, weather or lighting), social surrounds (stores atmosphere) occasion (seasonal pressures) and even temporal perspectives (Stewart, 1987). 2.4 Types of Consumer Buying Behavior Henry Assael (1987) divide buying behavior into four types (see Figure 3), depending upon the extent of involvement and degree of difference among products: complex buying behavior, dissonance reducing buying behavior, habitual buying behavior and variety seeking buying behavior. 2.4.1 Brief Four Types of Consumer Buying Behavior Habitual buying behavior in results when the consumers choose between different substitute products with same features and functions, consumers will go for the one that they has been using before or familiar with it. Kotler (2009) is of the opinion that more due to brand loyalty than habit. Variety seeking consumer buying behavior is a randomly buy, the result when the consumer has decided on a different product every time. Adcock (2001) holds that switch a new brand not due to dissatisfaction for old brand, it only satisfy they to try out the new one. Dissonance reducing buying behavior as the third, consumers will be highly involved in this type of buying behavior due to the cost and risk of the purchase, but will recognize less or no product difference between the brands. They feeling distrust or disappoint (Wilson, 2009). Complex buying behavior takes place when highly involved consumers who compare with full brands of the products in the market. This type of consumer will go through a relative lengthy stage of information search and evaluation based on their needs (Baker, 2003). 2.4.2 The Application for Apple Company The analysis shows that four types of consumer buying behavior-based, Apple successful built their brand loyalists, this type consumers loyal to Apple brand goes beyond the product itself. For example, the loyalists who purchase Apple Mac because of them like and believe in the Apple brand. Apple positions their brand values in mind of consumers. Apple applies these values to design anything. If Apple were to sale a car as result in they should be also successful with their loyal consumers due to loyalists will believe that the same perceived across every Apple product they offer. In this research, according to the concepts, influential factors, purchasing decision making process and types of consumer behavior, consumers gender, age, education level, and income level as the most important demographic variables will be involved in Apple marketing. Apple applies these individual demographic factors to create marketing mix in order to cater consumers satisfactions. These demographic factors play a major role in consumer purchasing decision making process. Hence, the hypothesis one was stated as follow: H1: The significant differences exist in the relationship between demographic variables and consumers intentions to purchase Apple product. 2.5 Marketing Marketing Mix Adock (2007) using Neil Bordens 4Ps (1953) (see Figure 4), identifies marketing is that a right product, in a right place, at the right time and at the right price. Around this conclusion, the market competition between the businesses has moved from product, price, place and promotion to a single p-people, and that people are the consumers. Marketers are able to obtain more consumers that play a major role in deciding the winner in a diverse, complex and rapid changing situation (Uysal, 2005), because of they recognize that it look unlikely to produce one product that will satisfy all consumers in this competition. Instead, marketers must plan marketing mix to guide marketing. The marketing mix is the strategic framework to focus on developing best tactics and strategies to achieve marketplace success based on objectives of marketing. Marketing mix also as a strategic tool is that used in marketers to communicate their marketing objectives and control variables to their target market (Kolter, 2001). It includes 4 types of variables in marketing mix, also called the 4Ps: (1) product: supply of a tangible or intangible item to meet the needs of consumers, such as brand name, functions, design or packaging etc. (2) price: the amount of money a customer pay for the product, it may include pricing, discounts etc. (3) promoti on: the methods of communication that companies to delivery information to consumers, the means like advertising , sales promotions etc. (4) place: a location where is consumer to purchase, the decision such as distribution channels or transportation (Clemons, 2006). 2.6 The Extended Marketing Mix The Extended Marketing Mix of Booms and Bitner (1981) also called 7Ps (see Figure 5), as marketing tool that increase 3 variables based on 4 traditional Marketing Mix framework for seven. The 7Ps model is more useful for technological-intensive industries to attract and retain their consumers (Mauborgne, 2004). The expanded the marketing mix by replenishing the following three additional Ps: People refer to all individuals directly or indirectly involved in the consumption process. They include the workers, employees, management and consumers themselves. Process as methods, procedures of providing quality services and products and is an essential element of the marketing mix. Ph

Andrew Jackson Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Andrew Jackson was born in 1767 and died in 1845. He was also the seventh president of the United States. As Encarta Encyclopedia states, Jackson fought his way to leadership and wealth in a frontier society, and his success established a bond between him and the common people that was never broken. Small farmers, laborers, mechanics, and many other Americans struggling to better themselves looked to Jackson for leadership (1). Jackson moved his way up the chain of the military before becoming president. From an idea in Encarta Encyclopedia, Jackson was a Democrat that was also a hermit. The Democrats considered the opposing party, the National Republicans, later known as the Whigs, aristocrats (1). As McDuffie, Piggrem, and Woodworth stated, Andrew Jackson set many principles such as the spoils system, and the expansion of the electorate. He helped spread the electorate system to the west, and expanded it so not only white property owners could vote, but so whites that didn’t own property. All blacks could not vote and were excluded at all costs. (53). Although blacks and women were still left out of the picture, it helped set the basic properties for later on. The way he did it was not the best for common people, but he was still considered a great president by most people. As in Encarta Encyclopedia, three years before Andrew Jackson was born, his Scotch-Irish parents, emigrated to America from Northern Ireland. They had two sons at the time. Andrew’s Father took up farming, and died three days before Andrew was born. The widow Jackson moved her family into the home of a nearby relative, where Andrew spent his days growing up. He learned how to read, and was often called upon by the community to read the Philadelphia Newspaper. (3) Andrew Jackson held many military and other job positions while working his way up through the government chain. As in Encarta Encyclopedia, he started off by studying under Spruce Macay who was a lawyer in Salisbury, North Carolina. He started his own practice in 1787. He then was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. After one year in the House, Jackson was elected to fill out an unexpected term in the U.S. Senate. He served for over a year and then retired to his private life (3). As Robert S. Summers posted, in Tennessee, Jackson was appointed to judge of the state superior court. He was at that position for a... ...d or supplies. Instead of disbanding as ordered, he led his troops back to Tennessee without a scratch. They called him old hickory because he was a tough as hickory wood. And lastly, Jackson was the only president to have been a prisoner of war. He was thirteen when he joined the South Carolina militia to fight in the Revolutionary War. After his capture, he was ordered to clean the boots of a British officer. Jackson refused, so the officer drew his sword and slashed Jackson across the forehead and arm, which left a scar. This is the story of an amazing man who led the country to bigger and better things. He was a down to earth guy who made good decisions, and was tough and earned everything he got the hard way. Andrew Jackson is a class act that is as tough as an old hickory! Works Cited Jerome McDuffie, Gary Piggrem, and Steven Woodworth. AP History Guide. Piscataway, NJ: REA Publishing â€Å"Jackson, Andrew.† Encarta Encyclopedia. 1999. â€Å"Jackson, Andrew.† Britannica Encyclopedia. 1995. Summers, Robert S. â€Å"The Internet Public Library-Andrew Jackson.† <a href="http://www.ipl.org/ref/POTUS/ajackson.html">http://www.ipl.org/ref/POTUS/ajackson.html. 10 February 2000.

The Beat That Stole My Heart

A Personal Narrative by Giuditta Paci. February 2nd, 2013. The Beat That Stole My Heart†¦ It seems like some things have never happened to me or I am an alien from some other distant planet. â€Å"Human beings† surprise me, make me cry, make me laugh and make me happy. That Saturday night, my â€Å"alien being† went out the house in desperate search of meaningful paths, beautiful smiles, the sounds of music and something that would make my heart beat just a little faster.Summer was almost over and I was thinking about how strange was the world and how could I possibly find someone to share some interesting conversation and a good dance before the warm and hazy summer nights will turn in to cold and lonely winter nights. It is not that I was broken hearted by the thought that my patience has come to its end, and that I may have to spend the last few weeks of summer wondering about a possible date that will never happen. I looked at the vast starry night-sky and cont inued to walked towards the Bar. I sat there thinking about how I wanted to be another person.I longed for interaction with the opposite sex. Eventually, I realized what my main problem was. I felt that I could not overcome all the â€Å"love† obstacles that life had made me face in the past. I recalled everything I have read in books about love as well as everything that I have experienced myself. In the books everything seemed to be much smoother and easier. My main thought was â€Å"how people can possibly spend their whole life together and stay in love? † specially after ending a ten year marriage only three months ago, and experiencing the big disappointment that love does not last forever.The music started and made me feel even more stupid: standing alone at the bar, listening to songs about love and relationships, without anyone here with me to dance or have a meaningful conversation with. I was ready to leave and call it a night. I decided to walk outside to b reath some air before departing. The summer wind woke me up from my dream and I took a deep breath and looked around. Suddenly I saw this attractive male. He was walking towards me†¦ As there was no one else outside, everyone was inside dancing and having a good time or so I thought.He definitely caught my attention. As he was getting closer I felt a strange sensation in my stomach†¦ I was nervous and didn’t understand why. I had never seen this person before and yet I felt this strange connection. He came up to me and said, â€Å"Hi! Are you enjoying the music? † I replied â€Å"Well, to be honest with you I wasn’t really paying attention. I was getting ready to leave. † This made him laugh for some reason. I felt a bit irritated as if he had broken my unity with nature and disturbed my thoughts with his presence and questions.All the sudden I took a good look at him. I hadn’t really before. He was relatively tall, dark hair, and deep bl ue eyes. His smile reminded me of those toothpaste TV commercials. A perfect smile. He had this smooth but primal Aura to him that made him very attractive and sexy. I could not clearly identify the age, but he looked like he was around 30-36 years old. He seemed so peaceful and yet so full of life and adventure, he was definitely in harmony with himself†¦ He had an edgy style. He was dressed appropriately for this type of event. He looked very much like a â€Å"rock star. Which made me even more curious about him, Part of me has always being attracted to that kind of â€Å"look† At that point I wanted to know who he was and where did he come from? I didn’t do a great job with that. Anyhow, this is how the rest of our conversation went. Me, â€Å"I think I should go home. It’s the same thing here every Saturday. I love being around people, but it’s always the same people. † –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Him, â€Å"Well I guess you are right in a way†¦ Although tonight is different†¦ at least the music is†¦ You should come inside and check out the band. You may just change your mind. He looked at me, smiled, and made the gesture to follow him inside. I agreed to go with him to check out this â€Å"Band. † I thought about how kind of him to invite me in, at that moment I realized that we hadn’t exchanged names yet. I was now following a complete stranger without even knowing their name. That’s smart I thought! Once inside the venue, he went straight on to the stage and sat in front of the drum set. I was shocked. He was the drummer of the â€Å"band. † I have to be honest, I was a little embarrassed with the way I had acted when we were outside.At this point nothing mattered anymore. The music started playing, and I immediately got captivated by their sounds. My mood had completely shifted from a depressed moody bitch to completely happy girl! Now I was dancing to his beat. My body was moving along with this erotic and Alternative sound. I remember this energy rising thru my spine that made feel alive and aroused. In my mind he was playing for me, or at least that’s what It felt like to me. A couple of times I directed my gaze at him. He was so amazingly handsome and talented. I can honestly say I could see his soul.He was in a trance like state, just like Shamans when they chant or drum in ceremonies for people who are looking for a way to heal their souls. Now, I was now one of those souls. My soul was not only getting healed but my heart was falling in love. It was not only the music or the way he pulsated on the drums. There was a connection that I had never felt before. I could not understand at that very moment what was happening to me. That night I knew it was going to be the beginning of a whole new chapter in my life. Maybe after all†¦ Those winter nights may not be as cold and long as I thought they would be.

Getting To Yes

I played the part of the agent for this exercise and Chloe played the role of business manager. In this case, I was trying to negotiate a deal for Sally Soprano. Basically my job was to make sure that she got the lead role of Norma. Sally did not care how much she was going to get paid; she just wanted the role because it was going to revitalize her career. This lead role would then give her momentum to get into different mediums such as movies and television.Right off the bat in the negotiations I tried to separate the person from the problem. Instead of coming right out and telling Chloe that I wanted this, this, and this, I asked her about what she thought about Sally and how she might affect the show. I also asked her about what she felt about having Sally be the lead performer instead of telling her how great Sally would be for the part. I wanted to make sure that we talked about all of the outstanding issues at hand before we even started negotiating about who get what in the s ituation.While I was using this technique I felt that Chloe was becoming much more comfortable with my approach and me. Instead of putting her on the defensive and guarding her position. I felt that she was much more willing to work with me and cooperate on the negotiations. It worked because in the end I feel like we came to a deal that worked very well for all parties involved.I remember Chloe using the technique of generating options for mutual gain. So my main goal we discovered was to make sure that Sally Soprano could have enough publicity that would launch her into tv and movies. Chloe wanted to make sure the theatre could sustain itself and stay financially viable. So we exchanged many different ideas about how we could both mutually benefit from each other. We discussed profit sharing and different ways to split up the money. I had to relay to Chloe that Sally Soprano was a veteran who could guarantee a great show/ performance. Yet Chloe was hesitant to want to sign such an ageing star, this lead to some conflict.A part that I could have used more would have been focusing on interest and not so much on positions. I tried to stay open and accommodating yet I had to hammer home the fact that Sally needed to get the lead role and there was no other way around it. This may have led to some roadblocks in out bargaining and may have been a poor choice on my part. Yet in the end we decided on Sally would get the main part for 18,000 and would be guaranteed three additional shows in the future to ensure that she got the kind of exposure that she wanted.As a person who is new to the GTY method of negotiating I think that separating the people from the problems is the hardest part of negotiating with this new technique. Some people are hard wired into thinking that they must fight for what they have to get and are on the opposite team as the other person. Yet I feel like what GTY teaches most is making deals the benefit both parties involved. Which in the end i s what both people want.

Free Essays on Credit Scoring

The Problem The insurance industry has begin using customers ‘credit history as the basis for underwriting to determine the insurance premium. This method is being applied to all aspects of property and casualty insurance and in some states is considered an unfair practice. Using this method to determine customers’ premiums has made insurance unaffordable and caused a financial hardship to some customers. Organization renewal is an important factor in business, but this type of renewal seems to do more harm to the consumer by increasing profits for the insurance companies. Micro Identification The micro identification of this problem is that insurance companies will have a better book of business by writing insurance for people with high credit scores. Insurance companies have found that people with high credit scores usually will not file a claim for something they have the money to pay for themselves. Macro Identification The macro identification of this problem is that customers with low credit scoring usually do not have disposable income and rely on credit or insurance to cover a loss that occurs. When using credit, payments are usually late or not made, which the insurance companies use to place these people in a high-risk category for premium underwriting. Initial Date that the Problem Exists The first time I became aware of this problem is when I was filing a new insurance policy form and rate memorandum in the State of Maryland. The Maryland Department of Insurance sent me a letter stating, we need to state in the policy that if credit scores were being used as an underwriting tool, it could not be the only means used to determine the customers risk factor in determining their premium rate. I started researching the trade publications, National Underwriter, CPCU News Magazine, Best’s Insurance News, FairIsaac and Consumer Federation of America, Independent Insurance Agent, as a few of my sourc... Free Essays on Credit Scoring Free Essays on Credit Scoring The Problem The insurance industry has begin using customers ‘credit history as the basis for underwriting to determine the insurance premium. This method is being applied to all aspects of property and casualty insurance and in some states is considered an unfair practice. Using this method to determine customers’ premiums has made insurance unaffordable and caused a financial hardship to some customers. Organization renewal is an important factor in business, but this type of renewal seems to do more harm to the consumer by increasing profits for the insurance companies. Micro Identification The micro identification of this problem is that insurance companies will have a better book of business by writing insurance for people with high credit scores. Insurance companies have found that people with high credit scores usually will not file a claim for something they have the money to pay for themselves. Macro Identification The macro identification of this problem is that customers with low credit scoring usually do not have disposable income and rely on credit or insurance to cover a loss that occurs. When using credit, payments are usually late or not made, which the insurance companies use to place these people in a high-risk category for premium underwriting. Initial Date that the Problem Exists The first time I became aware of this problem is when I was filing a new insurance policy form and rate memorandum in the State of Maryland. The Maryland Department of Insurance sent me a letter stating, we need to state in the policy that if credit scores were being used as an underwriting tool, it could not be the only means used to determine the customers risk factor in determining their premium rate. I started researching the trade publications, National Underwriter, CPCU News Magazine, Best’s Insurance News, FairIsaac and Consumer Federation of America, Independent Insurance Agent, as a few of my sourc...

7 Warning Signs Your Talent Is Being Wasted at Work

7 Warning Signs Your Talent Is Being Wasted at Work So you sought out a job, went through the interview process, and got hired. Whoo hoo, so exciting! What’s more, you even feel confident that you were the best out of the bunch of candidates. But all the same, maybe since you started you haven’t been quite sure that your talents and particular skills are being used to their full effect. Take a look at the following warning signs that you are not reaching your full potential. If a few of these signs apply to you, you might want to consider seeking out a bigger pond, one where you can stretch your wings, challenge yourself, and reach the career goals you know you’re capable of reaching.1. Your boss is threatened by your best ideas.If all your ideas end up in the â€Å"Maybe Someday† file, and your manager seems to prefer bumping along with the status quo rather than pushing the envelope, you’re not going to get much traction. Maybe you’re hearing a lot of â€Å"but this is how it’s alway s been done† and not enough â€Å"that’s a great idea; we should try it,† or getting shut down (or outright ignored) by your boss for ideas you know to be good. If any of this is the case, then maybe it’s time to start to worry.2. You work with automatons.Instead of everyone pitching in to realize some long-term goal or vision, you find that all of your coworkers are merely on autopilot, doing task after task that doesn’t seem to generate any new sparks or momentum.3. You never receive any sort of appreciation.If you’re working hard and no one at work sees you for the superstar you are, then you A) haven’t shown them, or B) they’ve seen your talents and are choosing to ignore them. Your once bright future starts to grey.4. You’re trapped.Are you confined by your title? This could be your own fault or the fault of your workplace: you’re so hemmed in by your specific role and tasks that you don’t feel the free dom to be able to fluidly reach out to your team members and help with other projects and initiatives when necessary. Even if this kind of effort might require you to push yourself outside of your comfort zone, it can be good for your growth.5. Your boss is putting your light under a bushel.Whether your boss is afraid of change or threatened by your rising star, perhaps he or she isn’t being the kind of mentor that lets you shine. Maybe they even call you in and tell you to hold back a little, or pipe down in meetings, instead of batting around your best ideas.6. Your company values policy over passion.You’re a rule-follower, and you’re feeling stifled. It’s possible that you’re very comfortable where you are, but still- biding your time and knowing real change and real challenge are too far around the corner to be feasible it a recipe for nothingness. Meanwhile, you keep on toeing the company line and following policies you don’t think are best practice. You’re going nowhere, and slowly.7. You’re burnt out and bored.After your first entry-level gigs, you should probably never be bored at work. If your job is boring you, it’s time to move on for sure. Watch for burn-out also; it’s not just for people in high powered careers that work too fast and too hard. It can strike anyone who’s been grappling with long-term demoralization and lack of inspiration. Remember, you’re a person, not a robot just completing tasks.

Star-Spangled Banner in Spanish Translation

'Star-Spangled Banner' in Spanish Translation Works of literature can be especially hard to translate well, as the majesty of the language and connotations of certain words can be lost. That is especially true of songs, where the rhythm and poetry of the original language can be lost as well. But that doesnt keep translators from trying. No fewer than four translators have made serious, recognized attempts to translate The Star-Spangled Banner, although not all have tried to make the words singable. How well did they do? Judge for yourself: Traducido por Francis Haffkine Snow, 1919 Amanece:  ¿no veis, a la luz de la aurora,Lo que tanto aclamamos la noche al caer?Sus estrellas, sus barras flotaban ayerEn el fiero combate en seà ±al de victoria,Fulgor de cohetes, de bombas estruendo,Por la noche decà ­an: !Se va defendiendo! Coro:!Oh, decid!  ¿Despliega aà ºn su hermosura estrellada,Sobre tierra de libres, la bandera sagrada? En la costa lejana que apenas blanquea,Donde yace nublada la hueste ferozSobre aquel precipicio que elà ©vase atroz ¡Oh, decidme!  ¿Quà © es eso que en la brisa ondea?Se oculta y flamea, en el alba luciendo,Reflejada en la mar, donde va resplandeciendo Coro:!Aà ºn allà ­ desplegà ³ su hermosura estrellada,Sobre tierra de libres, la bandera sagrada!  ¡Oh asà ­ sea siempre, en lealtad defendamosNuestra tierra natal contra el torpe invasor!A Dios quien nos dio paz, libertad y honor,Nos mantuvo nacià ³n, con fervor bendigamos.Nuestra causa es el bien, y por eso triunfamos.Siempre fue nuestro lema  ¡En Dios confiamos! Coro:!Y desplegar su hermosura estrellada,Sobre tierra de libres, la bandera sagrada! Traductor desconocido Oh, decidme,  ¿veis a la primera luz de la auroraLa que izamos con orgullo al à ºltimo rayo del crepà ºsculo,Cuyas anchas bandas y brillantes estrellas, en la fiera luchaContemplamos ondeando gallardas sobre las murallas? El resplandor rojizo de los cohetes y el fragor de las bombasProbaban que por la noche nuestra bandera aà ºn estaba allà ­.Oh, decidme,  ¿flota todavà ­a la enseà ±a estrellada y listadaSobre la tierra de los libres y la patria de los valientes? En la costa apenas perceptible entre las nieblas del marDonde la altiva hueste enemiga reposa en temeroso silencio, ¿Quà © es lo que la brisa al soplar oculta en parteY en parte descubre su elevado pedestal? Ahora recibe el destello del primer rayo matutinoReflejado en todo su esplendor, y ahora se destaca en el aire ¡Es la enseà ±a estrellada y listada! Que ondee largos aà ±osSobre la tierra de los libres y la patria de los valientes.  ¿Y dà ³nde est aquella banda que engreà ­da jurabaQue el torbellino de la guerra y la confusià ³n del combateNos privarà ­a para siempre de patria y hogar?La sangre ha lavado la mancha de sus pasos desleales. Ningà ºn refugio pudo salvar al mercenario y al esclavoDel terror de la fuga o de la lobreguez del sepulcro.Y la enseà ±a estrellada y listada ondea triunfanteSobre la tierra de los libres y la patria de los valientes. Asà ­ sea siempre, cuando los hombres libres se interponganEntre sus amados hogares y la desolacià ³n de la guerra:En la victoria y la paz, este paà ­s, socorrido por el cielo,Alabe al Poder que nos creà ³ y conservà ³ como Nacià ³n. Hemos de triunfar, pues nuestra causa es tan justa,Y sea nuestra divisa:  ¡En Dios est nuestra confianza!Y la bandera estrellada y listada flotar triunfanteSobre la tierra de los libres y la patria de los valientes. Traducido por Manuel Fernndez Juncos El dà ­a renace y alegra la auroraTransmite al oriente su vivo color, ¿No ves la bandera que ayer saludamosAl à ºltimo tenue reflejo del sol?Ondeaba en el muro durante la luchaDe franjas y estrellas luciendo el matiz. Y al fuego rojizo de bombas marcialesLa vimos de noche tremolando allà ­.  ¿Quà © es eso que al aire se agita y flamea,Allà ­ sobre el monte cercano al marCual signo que anuncia cordial despedidaAl fuerte enemigo que triste se va? ¡Es nuestra bandera!El sol de la gloria la envuelve y la baà ±a en và ­vida luz. Mirad como ahora se extiende arroganteMostrando su blanco, su rojo y su azul. La turba enemiga que en local jactanciaJurà ³ despojarnos de patria y hogar ¿A dà ³nde se ha ido?Ya cruza las olas;Se siente pequeà ±a donde hay libertad. ¡Que asà ­ siempre sea; cuando un pueblo dignoEl yugo sacude de fiera opresià ³n!  ¡El cielo liberte los pueblos que luchanSi es justa su causa y esperan en Dios! La paz y el trabajo propicios nos haganLlegar a la meta de nuestro deber..Llevando por guà ­as la ciencia y la gloriaLlevando por lema virtud y poder.De estrellas y franjas la noble banderaMantà ©ngase libre de mancha y baldà ³n. Y alcemos al cielo, por nuestra victoriaDe pueblos honrados la grata oracià ³n. Traducido por Guillermo F. Hall Oh, decid:  ¿podeis ver, al rayar de la aurora loQue vimos anoche orgullosos flotar?La estrellada bandera, tremolando altanera, encumbrada enLa torre y excitando luchar!Y a la luz de la roja, fulgurante centella, laBandera ondeaba, ondeaba ms bella;Y a travà ©s de la densa humareda inflamada,Con quà © orgullo miramos la bandera ondear!  ¡El pendà ³n de la Patria, la bandera estrellada,Encumbrada en la almena convidando a luchar! Oh! decid,  ¿todavà ­a contemplais la bandera,La estrellada bandera,Sobre suelo de libres que defienden su hogar? A travà ©s de la niebla, de la mar a la orillaIracundo enemigo nos atisba a marchar. ¿Quà © es aquello que ondula, que flamea y simulaUn enjambre de estrellas refulgiendo en el mar?Ya del alba recoge la primer llamarada;Ya se oculta en la niebla, ya aparece inflamada;Ya ostentando sus glorias se refleja en el rà ­o;Ya sus franjas y estrellas nos deslumbran al par.  ¡El pendà ³n de la Patria, tremolando bravioY flamenado en la almena nos incita a luchar!  ¡El pendà ³n de la Patria, la estrellada bandera,Tremolando altaneraSobre suelo de libres que defienden su hogar!  ¿Dà ³nde est la falange enemiga y aleveQue con vana porfà ­a se atreviera a jurarQue al fragor de la guerra, en la lucha que aterra,Perderà ­amos patria y familia y hogar? ¡Con su sangre lavara la verguenza inferidaDe su paso a la hulla por la tierra querida!Encontrar no podrà ­a un refugio el taimado,Que en su fuga oprobiosa la pudiera salvarDel terror de esa fuga, del morir angustiadoCon el ansia del triunfo que no pudo alcanzar.Mientras tanto tremola la estrellada banderaY triunfante, altanera,Sobre suelo de libres nos custodia el hogarSiempre asà ­, cuando altivo se levante el patriotaDefendiendo su suelo, su familia y su hogar. La radiante victoria lo circunde de gloria, ¡Y bendiga al Eterno que lo hiciera triunfar!Y pues Dios nos asiste y la lucha es tan santa,Y el pendà ³n de la Patria nos alienta y levanta,Conservemos la Patria, el hogar que adoramos,Y adoptamos por lema, sacrosanto y sin par: ¡Sea Dios nuestro guà ­a; en su apoyo confiamos!  ¡Justiciera es la causa que nos manda a luchar,Y el pendà ³n de la Patria, la estrellada bandera,Tremolando altanera,Sobre suelo de libres nos conserve el hogar!

Baroque and Rococo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Baroque and Rococo - Essay Example It is typified by bold, curving forms and elaborate decoration and ornamentation. Rococo is an architectural design characterized by simplicity, the variant colour shade, frivolity and freedom of brushwork. The rococo architecture style is characterized by elaborate curves and scrolls, intricate patterns, delicate details, ornaments, asymmetrical shapes and light colours. Although, and pride of the owner they differ in some aspects, these two styles share some similarities. The baroque and rococo were two stylistic periods that conveyed tow entirely different sensibilities; while one was heavy-handed and complex, the other conveyed simplicity and fanciness and pride of the owner. Thus, the difference between the two styles can be summed up in terms of function, mood and method or design. Architectural style involves some collective aspects that distinguish a building from the rest of the architecture. These details transform an ordinary building to a unique piece of art that is satis factory to the eye. Baroque and rococo were developed at a time when customers demanded luxury design that was magnificent. It would glorify their power and pride of the owner. Thus, was preferred by nobles, monarchs and churches. Both styles attempt to reveal and arouse highly emotional effects in their designs. Baroque designs are magnificent and appealing and appear amazing as do rococo designs. They excite all primarily due to their luxury and outlook of their ample space and imposing dà ©cor.

Luther the movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Luther the movie - Essay Example ement; "I live in terror of judgment, have you ever dared to think that God is not just threatening us with the fires of hell.† Martin can be viewed to be repulsing God. When you compare this to â€Å"The Recital of the Deceased Egyptian† Martin will be seen as repulsing God because the situation is so strict and that makes it almost impossible for one not to sin. "I have not repulsed the God in his manifestations, I am pure, I am pure, I am pure," is a complex statement for any human being. But Luther tries to live and attain these abnormal standards and that is the main reason he has to live in a Hinduism way of life. He has to live and be fully devoted to God as it is the primary goal. Martin is also obliged to follow the ways of salvation which are clearly shown throughout the movie. The first way is that of good works and is seen when Martin gives back the money the money that had been paid for indulgences to the mother of the girl that could not walk. He tells her that paying indulgences is not the right way to get to God. The way of salvation through knowledge is seen when Martin becomes a preacher and decides to teach differently. When Martin translates the Bible into German language, he was portraying the way of devotion. This was crucial as he was dedicated to letting the people making sure that people had a chance to understand religion by reading the Bible and know what they were getting into. When Martin teaches a young girl how to learn to walk again he was practicing the physical discipline way (Chaffee 36). It is hard to imagine any social being that is pure. Though Martin is seen as a hero by many people who believe that he was a reformer and the greatest one that the religion has ever had, some people see him as one who wrestled with God. In the beginning, we see a tormented Luther that is willing to become a monk if only he is saved d by the heavens from a thunderstorm. We see him wishing there were no God and longed to a God that he that is

Why has the Mafia been able to survive for so long, despite enormous Essay

Why has the Mafia been able to survive for so long, despite enormous pressure from law enforcement - Essay Example Evidently, there are several notable reasons as to why the mafia has continuously survived for so long despite pressure from law enforcers. Foremost, the mafia is uniquely structured in its organization by having friends in centers of influence of power. Incidentally, the Sicilian mafia has been known to bankroll the elections of political personalities with close ties to it. Evidently, in 2008, a man who was previously colluding with the mafia was re-elected into parliament. This just shows the political backing that the mafia enjoys as support. Moreover, the types of illegal business operations conducted by the mafia have led to the control of enormous resources. Evidently, the mafia engages in drug trafficking, gambling, extortions, prostitution and street taxes. As a result, the high resource base at the mafia’s control aids them in corrupting government officials and law enforcers that can further aid and abet their illegal activities. The mafia equally has a hierarchical structure of authority among the member that guarantees continuity. Consequently, the crime boss or Capo Famiglia is succeeded by the capo bastone or underboss in the event of anything such as death or incarceration to the crime boss. As a result, breaking the chain of authority and operation of the mafia has proven to be quite a problem to law

Architecture and Disjunction-book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Architecture and Disjunction-book review - Essay Example According to Nikos A. Salingaros; an Australian born critic, mathematician and polymath known for his work on urban theory, architectural theory, complexity theory, and design philosophy and a close collaborator of the architect and computer software pioneer Christopher Alexander, the genuine architectural theory must have developed through two ways: the approach based on solutions that work historically and â€Å"not surprisingly, this strand turns to traditional architecture, using its typologies in an innovative manner. Architects ignorant of this strand of architectural theory misjudge it, falsely thinking that it merely copies older models, whereas in fact, it is using a well- developed vocabulary to generate novel solutions.† (Salingaros, para. 5). While the second the approach is based on science. â€Å"Here, models from biology, physics, and computer science are used to explain how architectonic form emerges, and why human beings react in certain predictable ways to d ifferent structures.† (Salingaros, para. 5) Salingaros urges that there can be enough authors, like Christopher Alexander, Leon Krier and Bernard Tschumi, those architectural writings are based on scientific facts and form a nucleus from which the architectural topic can be built and their works can be considered as a genuine architectural theory. He gained his basic education in Paris and then moved to the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich where he received his degree in architecture in 1969 (Biography, 2005).

Achieving Less Stress in the Lives of Informal Caregivers of Adult Research Paper

Achieving Less Stress in the Lives of Informal Caregivers of Adult Children with Multiple Disabilities and the Elderly with Alzheimer - Research Paper Example Such activities not only involve physical stress but mental stress as well. It could have a devastating effect on the informal caregivers, due to the nature of their jobs and criticality of the illnesses of their loved ones. Alzheimer’s is estimated to be the sixth largest cause of deaths in the U.S. annually. A significant number of patients suffering from critical illnesses, contrary to popular beliefs, are cared for by informal caregivers rather than in a formal setting (Arno, Levine, & Memmott, 1999; Brody, 1985; Kosberg & Cairl, 1992; Martire, Schulz, Wrosch, & Newsome, 2003; McAuley, Jacobs, & Carr, 1984). According to latest statistics, approximately 15 million people are involved in informal care to their loved ones suffering from Alzheimer’s, contributing to approximately 17 billion hours of unpaid care. The informal care-givers, often suffer from high amount of stress due to the critical conditions of their loved ones, thus impairing their own health in the pr ocess. It has been proved through research that caring for people suffering from chronic illnesses leads to an adverse and negative impact on the lives of the informal carers, resulting in strained relationships; and often leaving them no time for their families or for leisure, resulting in increased mental stress. Thus, it is of utmost significance to offer assistance and develop strategies to help such informal caregivers in coping with stress, and develop alternative strategies to help reduce or eliminate the physical and mental setbacks suffered by them, in the process of providing care to their loved ones. This paper on â€Å"Achieving Less Stress in the Lives of Informal Caregivers of Adult Children with Multiple Disabilities and the Elderly with Alzheimer† attempts to seek ways and means, which can successfully be applied to reduce such stress and improve the quality of life of the informal caregivers. - Problem Statement: Informal caregivers of persons with disabiliti es experience large amounts of stress due to their constant care giving responsibilities. - Research Question: If caregivers of the disabled adult child and elder received respite care (two or more day a week) intervention during the regular work week will they have lower stress than those caregivers who receive the standard caregiver services? - Background: Providing care to people suffering from critical illnesses entails significant amount of responsibility and dedication towards the patients, which might lead to situations of stress and affect the quality of life of the caregivers in a negative way. Owing to the critical nature of the illnesses of those around them, the caregivers often carry tremendous burden - both

What is the constitutional democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is the constitutional democracy - Essay Example American democratic system or Constitutional Democracy has two essential components; one related to the constitution and the other related to democracy. The component related to constitution, limits, or controls the power of the government whereas the component related to democracy determines the political power of the government. In America, political authority is attained by a government through the elected representatives in the government. It should be noted that the members of the Congress in America is elected by the people and these congress men/women are responsible for controlling the actions of the government. American president cannot work against the will of the members of the Congress. In other words, the majority of the members of the Congress should vote in favour of a particular policy before it can be implemented by the president or the government. In a constitutional democracy like America, people hold supreme power. In other words, the government cannot work against the will of the people. All the policies or laws implemented in America based on the majority rule. Even though a constitutional democracy, is a government by majority rule, it does not mean that the minority rights can be violated by such a government. It is the duty of the government in constitutional democracy to protect the rights of both minorities as well as the majorities. Judiciary (Court), Parliament (Congress) and Executive (Government) are the three major pillars of any democratic system and the case of America is also not an exception. In America, Supreme Court has the highest authority to decide whether the government is functioning according to the norms of constitution or not. Supreme Court interprets the clauses and norms in the constitution and decides whether the government violated any existing constitutional laws in the country. The philosophy of American constitution lies on

Achieving Less Stress in the Lives of Informal Caregivers of Adult Research Paper

Achieving Less Stress in the Lives of Informal Caregivers of Adult Children with Multiple Disabilities and the Elderly with Alzheimer - Research Paper Example Such activities not only involve physical stress but mental stress as well. It could have a devastating effect on the informal caregivers, due to the nature of their jobs and criticality of the illnesses of their loved ones. Alzheimer’s is estimated to be the sixth largest cause of deaths in the U.S. annually. A significant number of patients suffering from critical illnesses, contrary to popular beliefs, are cared for by informal caregivers rather than in a formal setting (Arno, Levine, & Memmott, 1999; Brody, 1985; Kosberg & Cairl, 1992; Martire, Schulz, Wrosch, & Newsome, 2003; McAuley, Jacobs, & Carr, 1984). According to latest statistics, approximately 15 million people are involved in informal care to their loved ones suffering from Alzheimer’s, contributing to approximately 17 billion hours of unpaid care. The informal care-givers, often suffer from high amount of stress due to the critical conditions of their loved ones, thus impairing their own health in the pr ocess. It has been proved through research that caring for people suffering from chronic illnesses leads to an adverse and negative impact on the lives of the informal carers, resulting in strained relationships; and often leaving them no time for their families or for leisure, resulting in increased mental stress. Thus, it is of utmost significance to offer assistance and develop strategies to help such informal caregivers in coping with stress, and develop alternative strategies to help reduce or eliminate the physical and mental setbacks suffered by them, in the process of providing care to their loved ones. This paper on â€Å"Achieving Less Stress in the Lives of Informal Caregivers of Adult Children with Multiple Disabilities and the Elderly with Alzheimer† attempts to seek ways and means, which can successfully be applied to reduce such stress and improve the quality of life of the informal caregivers. - Problem Statement: Informal caregivers of persons with disabiliti es experience large amounts of stress due to their constant care giving responsibilities. - Research Question: If caregivers of the disabled adult child and elder received respite care (two or more day a week) intervention during the regular work week will they have lower stress than those caregivers who receive the standard caregiver services? - Background: Providing care to people suffering from critical illnesses entails significant amount of responsibility and dedication towards the patients, which might lead to situations of stress and affect the quality of life of the caregivers in a negative way. Owing to the critical nature of the illnesses of those around them, the caregivers often carry tremendous burden - both

The development of an individual Essay Example for Free

The development of an individual Essay Income, money is always a problem when theres not enough of it, Money will always have an impact on peoples lives, In the UK there are millions of people still living in poverty, even with all the benefit schemes in place. Physically: Adults with a low with a low income may be slightly more overweight than someone with a higher income due to the fact that they cannot spend money on gyms, healthy foods and so on, if they have children theyre most likely to follow the same way. Its been proven that those who live in poorer areas dont live as long. Intellectually: With the education today (mainly universities) prices are increasing largely. Those who are the lower class wont benefit as much as those whom are in the higher class. This includes both teenagers and adults. Emotionally: Not bringing in a lot of money can affect you seriously; it can make you depressed, worried, sad, it may also make you lose motivation instead of gaining it. Being an adult you have larger responsibilities than a teenager, Adults with a family have to support each person within that family and with a low income this can become impossible. Socially: Younger people will find it harder in these areas due to the appearance the present and it may end up in conflict towards society i. e. gangs, robberies, drug dealing and so on. Where as adults have the whole financial problems on the shoulders. No matter what they do theyll always be stuck for money, which then also impacts their childrens lives. Nutrition and dietary choices, its always in the media; telling us how to look; what to eat; what to wear, but who said people have to look a certain way, I agree yes that if you are overweight youre cutting your years shorter however theres people out there that are that perfect Size-Zero who may smoke or drink excessive amount of alcohol which probably shortens your life even more. Physically: Both adults and teenagers may be able to do more things such as sports and so on. If an adult smokes or drinks they are lowering the lung capacity and heightening the risk of cancer. Intellectually: It may persuade you to go to work or get a job in the first place, due to you mood and how much you like to socialise with people. Most people who are doing more manual jobs are more likely to smoke rather than those who work in offices and so on. Emotionally: Diets arent all that bad; they can improve your moods and make you feel great about yourself, but they can also do the opposite if you cant lose the weight that you want to. Adults and teenagers are getting similar in terms of dieting, most adult want to look good and teenagers are now starting to read the media and become anxious about how they look. Socially: You may also socialise a lot more than usual as well especially if you go to gyms on a regular basis, youre bound to meet new people and make friends. Even though its bad for your health, smokers are more likely to meet new people due to the smoking ban and having to go outside.

Child Observation for Development Analysis

Child Observation for Development Analysis Kirsty Lynch Child Observation Study Introduction By the age of six, children are moving out of what Erikson called the initiative vs Guilt-purpose period and are moving into the industry vs inferiority-competence stage of their lives. This is a main developmental stage in the life of a child where many milestones are hoped to be achieved by. To demonstrate the developmental stage of a six year old child I have conducted this child observation study. The setting of this child observation takes place in what appears to be a computer room in a primary school. There are three students present in the room, two girls, Mackenzie and Isabella aged six and one boy, Noah who is also six years old. There is one female adult present in the observation, the children’s teacher. There are a small number of adults present in the background, this is because it is a communal computer room and these other adults are not part of the observation study. The activity that’s taking place is a teaching lesson in which the teacher is demonstra ting patterns to the children and asking the children, at first to work together to complete the pattern and then to individually finish the patterns themselves. The child who is the focus of this observation study is Noah, the six year old boy. Observations: Discussion: From observing Noah in his school environment, it is easier to see the developmental stage that he is at, the milestones that he has reached are quite evident and his developmental stage is quite clear and progressing well, however there are a few milestones which Noah should have reached by the age of six which it seems he has failed to reach, here I will discuss Noah’s Physical, Emotional and Cognitive development and I will link it in with developmental psychology to illustrate where Noah is at in his Development and where he should be. Physical Develop: Noah’s physical development seems to be normal for his age, in comparison to Isabella and Mackenzie he seems to be the same height and slightly broader which is normal for a boy of his age. By the age of six years old, children usually reach an average height of about three foot ten inches and they normally weigh about forty-six pounds. These are just average figures but from observing Noah he seems to fit into this profile, although it is hard to judge his weight from the observation, he appears a healthy weight for his height and age. At the age of six years old, children have a lot of energy and they enjoy engaging in activities which involve a lot of movement. In order to achieve these movements, children require the use of Gross motor skills (Clarke McDowel, 2006). It is evident that Noah has a lot of energy and that his gross motor skills are developing at an appropriate rate. Noah can’t sit easy, is constantly moving his arms and hands, he makes shapes with his hands and at one stage imitates a bird using hand movements. It can be seen that Noah has good muscle control and good co-ordination. Noah’s fine motor skills can also be seen. Fine motor skills require dexterity, which is the good use of hands and fingers. By six years of age children have reached the stage of being able to use many fine motor skills, such as tying their shoe laces, good hand control and good use of both of their hands (Clarke McDowel, 2006). Noah’s fine motor skills can be seen little by little throughout the observation, Noah uses both of his hands consistently to complete the puzzles and he has the ability to turn the shapes into objects, Noah does this when he makes the shape of a house out of the shapes on the table. Intellectual Development: Noah’s communication does not seem to be at the level that it should be at for a six year old child. By the age of six most children can maintain attention, concentrate and can sit quietly during activities. Noah however, lacked concentration and only paid attention when he was being giving attention for his turn; he was unable to hold his concentration during the other students turns. At times Noah’s speech was quite hard to understand, it was sometimes slightly slurred. A child of Noah’s age should have an extended vocabulary and should be able to explore the meaning and sounds of new words, their speech should be precise and clear by this age. Children tend to express themselves by using new words, making up stories and developing their own narratives and explanations by connecting ideas together (Clarke McDowel, 2006). Noah did not seem to have an extended vocabulary and his speech seemed very limited at times, he only spoke when he was seeking attention or when he wanted acknowledgement or praise for completing a task. Emotional and Social Development: At six years of age children should be able to identify and convey feelings and interact with adults and other children. As children develop they learn how to show affection, manage aggravation and irritation and understand jealousy and sadness (Clarke McDowel, 2006). While Noah has reached most of this developmental stage there are a few points within this stage which Noah has not completely met yet. The milestones which Noah has achieved at this developmental stage in his emotional and social development are co-operation, solving problems, seeking attention and becoming competitive. Although he co-operated, most of the time, Noah was quite fidgety while awaiting his turn. Noah was quite competitive, which is normal for a child of his age, and he likes the attention to be focused on him. Noah asked the teacher to â€Å"look† at him a number of times and at one stage said â€Å"see, look, watch how fast I am† as he was seeking attention and praise from the teacher. His sense of security seems to be reliant on praise from adults that he trusts; in this case that was his teacher. However, Noah was also quite irritated when it was not his turn to complete the puzzle, he had to be asked a number of times to wait his turn, by this age Noah should have a sense of controlling irritation and following instructions set out by his teacher. Cognitive Development: Children play an enormous role in their own cognitive development. They do this by trying to understand what’s going on around them by organising, explaining, constructing, manipulating and predicting. We can see that Noah plays an active role in his cognitive development, he understands what is being asked of him, he knows what he is meant to do and constructs shapes and patterns with the pieces supplied by his teacher. At the age of six, children also see patterns in objects and actions of the world and they can often attempt to organize these patterns to try and explain the world. Noah demonstrates this when he sees a house in the shapes that are on the table, he then constructs a tree to go along with the house because in Noah’s perception of the world this is what is normal, houses, gardens, maybe trees in the garden or outside on the road. However, Noah also demonstrates some limitations in his cognitive development. Noah has trouble controlling his own attention, when the attention is on him Noah behaves and does what he is asked to do, he displays an intense interest in learning and takes pride in completing the patterns, but when it is Mackenzie or Isabella’s turn, Noah lacks attention, he is twisting and turning in his chair, fidgeting with his hands and looking around the room. Noah becomes slightly frustrated that he has to take turns, the attention isn’t on him and the learning does not come about as quickly as he would like because he has to wait. Developmental psychology: During the Initiative vs Guilt-purpose stage children desire to copy the actions of the people around them and they take initiative in creating a play situation. Noah has reached this developmental stage as he shows that he can take instructions and copy what the teacher does, the teacher demonstrates how to do the patterns and Noah is quick to copy what she does, he is able to complete the pattern and he is able to turn the task into a play situation, he illustrates this by building a house out of the shapes that he is working with. Noah has accomplished this milestone and is moving into the Industry vs Inferiority-competence stage, which is often referred to as the latency stage. This stage allows children to learn, create and accomplish a number of new skills and Knowledge and helps them to develop a sense of industry. Noah shows that he is competent in this stage by completing the patterns that the teacher gives him with ease and he takes pride in completing these tasks. However, this is also an incredibly social stage of development, where experiences of unresolved feelings of inferiority and inadequacy among other children can have problems in relation to competence and self-esteem. Noah seems to be constantly looking for attention, he can’t sit easy if it’s not his turn and if he is not been giving attention. He is constantly looking for acknowledgement and praise for completing his tasks, it’s as if he is trying to prove that he is capable and better than the other students at completing the task., he says â€Å"See, look, watch, watch how fast I am†. Freud says that during the Latency stage sexual urges remain subdued and that children tend to play and interact with the same sex peers. In this observation Noah is with the opposite sex, however, there is no indication as to whether Noah chooses to be in this group or whether the teacher specifically put him in this group for observational purposes. If Noah was placed in this group it could account for why he felt the need to prove his capability over the girls, it is hard to tell whether Noah would have acted the same if he was in a group with boys. Piaget’s preoperational stage is just coming to an end by the time a child is six years old. Piaget states that a child should have reached the milestone of being able to use basic logic but may still not be able to understand how other people perceive the environment (Crawford and Walker, 2003). Attachment: Attachment is the close, continuous relationship with at least one other person that children need in order to develop a confident, stable, integrated personality (Fawcett, 2009). Mary Ainsworth came up with the three different types of attachment that a child could experience; Securely attached being the usual, standard attachment where children explore by themselves and can sometimes show some signs of concern when they are separated from their parents but usually settle and continue to play. , Insecure Avoidant, where children seem indifferent on whether or not the parent is there and insecure ambivalent, where children experience great upset when the parent leaves and opposing reactions when the parent returns (Ainsworth et al, 1978). Children tend to view the person that they are attached to as a secure foundation, a source of reassurance and someone who encourages them and offers them guidance (Crawford and Walker, 2003). Noah shows this attachment with his teacher. He looks to his teacher for guidance when completing the patterns, and he seeks praise and encouragement from her upon completing the task, he asks her to â€Å"look† and â€Å"see† what he has done. It is difficult to determine Noah’s attachment with his teacher in such a short amount of time, he does not ignore the presence of his teacher, nor does he cling to his teacher, although Noah does seem to constantly be looking for the teachers attention, this could indicate a lack of attention at home, or having to seek attention at home. Tentative Conclusions: From observing Noah it is clear that his development is on the right track. Noah’s physical development is normal for his age and he has accomplished many of the physical milestones that a six year old should have accomplished. His intellectual development is at a slower development rate than the average child of Noah’s age. Speech and language therapy could be used in order to help Noah develop his speech and language to an appropriate level. Noah does not seem to engage in conversation much and with the help of a speech and language therapist this could encourage Noah to engage more in conversation with his peers and his teacher. Noah seems to enjoy play and he enjoys praise for completing tasks, Play Therapy could be a useful resource to help Noah understand how to control his irritations and to help him concentrate. Noah’s development is on the right track but with a little help from the likes of a speech and language therapist or a play therapy specialist, Noah’s development could be improved to an appropriate level for a six year old child. Reflexive Piece: When beginning this observation, I had my own idea of what a six year old child should be doing and how far along a six year olds development should be. I thought back to what I was like when I was six years old, I could remember being in school and doing well in school, but other than that my memory of being six was not great. However, I myself have two younger brothers, one who has just turned seven years old and one who is turning six this year. From my own experience of my younger brother’s developmental stages, I had a preconception that all six year olds behaved in a similar way and that most six year olds had met the same developmental markers. Some of my own professional experience also influenced me in the completion of this assignment. I had previously done a placement in The National Children’s Hospital and I worked alongside Play Specialists. The children I worked with were from infants to teenagers, but the majority of the children who were involved in the play therapy sessions were aged between four years old and nine years old. From working with those children the same age as Noah I could really see what Noah was excelling in and where Noah was lacking in some developmental stages. I had previously worked with a family whose child was at a slower developing rate than his peers and the work that I participated in with that family influenced my ideas of what could help Noah. This child was also six years of age but had not reached all of the milestones expected by the age of six; similarly, Noah had not reached some of the milestones that you would expect him to have reached. Word Count: 3,299 Bibliography: Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E. Wall, S., 1978. Patterns of Attachment: A psychological study of the strange ssituation. Hillsdale: NJ: Erlbaum. Clarke, P. McDowel, G., 2006. The Developing Child. Glencoe: McGraw-Hill. Crawford, K. Walker, J., 2003. Social Work and Human Development. s.l.:Learning Matters. Fawcett, M., 2009. Learning Through Child Observation. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Ingleby, E., 2006. Applied Psychology for Social Work. Glasgow: Learning Matters.

Interview Report: Leadership in the Healthcare System Essay -- Intervi

Introduction Leadership is increasingly important in today's society. Many experts and scholars point out that the current leadership crisis concerns moral and character problems in many leaders (Ahn, Ettner, & Loupin, 2012; Callahan, 2004; Wright & Quick, 2011). The following interview report is intended primarily for exploration and comparison of the traits and characteristics of leadership. A leader of a clinical medicine centre was interviewed for this report. The purpose of this report is to explore the leadership characters and traits, and how they can be developed in this turbulent environment. First, I make a brief introduction regarding the background of the respondent and her working environment. The report also describes this leader's personal and subjective perceptions in relation to a literature review which investigates the traits and characteristics of leadership. The report concludes with a comparison and discussion of the results of the clinical condition on the basis of the int erview and literature review. At the same time, the report aims to put forward feasible and effective advice and specific programs for present and future leaders and managers in the health care system. Methodology 1. The respondent’s traits and characteristics This is a nearly 40-minute interview. The object of this interview is the leader of a community medical centre. This medical centre has five physicians, two nutritionists, one occupational therapist, a nurse and three service desk receptionists. This medical centre serves the community of more than five thousand patients now. After the interview, integration of the following eight items in this leader’s characteristics and traits. 1) Vision Orientation She is vision orien... ...uarterly, 22, 975-978. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/science/article/pii/S1048984311001172#. Wright, T. A., & Goodstein, J. (2007). Character is not â€Å"dead† in management research: A review of individual character and organizational-level virtue. Journal of Management, 33, 928–958. Winning leadership traits. (2008). Partner's Report, 08(2), 10-11. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/docview/200656366?accountid=14543 Yeh, Q. (1995). Leadership, personal traits and job characteristics in R&D organizations: a Taiwanese case. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 16(6), 16-26. Retrieved from http://www.emeraldinsight.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/journals.htm?articleid=1410392. Zaccaro, S. J. (2007). Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership. American Psychologist, 62(1), 6-16.

themebeo Epic of Beowulf Essay - Style, Structure and Theme

Style, Structure and Theme of Beowulf  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      A consideration of the stylistic features in the classic poem Beowulf involves a study of the poetic verse, the vocabulary, alliteration, litotes, simile, kennings, variation and double-meaning or ambiguity. A consideration of the structure and the theme of the poem involve a wide diversity of opinion on the subject.    First, let us talk about style. The poetic conventions used by this poet include two half-lines in each verse, separated by a caesura or pause. The half-lines are joined by the oral stressing of alliterative words in the half-lines, both consonants and vowels (Tharaud 34). â€Å"At least one of the two stressed words in the first half-line, and usually both of them, begin with the same sound as the first stressed word of the second half-line† (Donaldson 67). When a word was stressed in the first half-line, its alliterative counterpart was stressed in the following half-line; the words could either complement each other, like holy/heaven or sin/enemy, or they could contrast each other like happy/wretched or warm/winter.    Oft Scyld Scefing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   sceapena preatum monegum maegpum  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   meodo-setla ofteah (4-5)    The repetition of the â€Å"s† sound in line 4 and of the â€Å"m† sound in line 5 illustrate alliteration, and this occurs throughout the poem, providing to the listener what the rhyme of modern-day poetry provides – an aesthetic sense of   rightness or pleasure.    The vocabulary of the poem is remarkable in several ways. First of all, about one-third of the vocabulary is compound words. For the concept of   â€Å"the sea† there are 50 different compounds; likewise there are 50 compounds ... ...d Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.    Shippey, Thomas A.. â€Å"Structure and Unity.† In A Beowulf Handbook, edited by Robert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, Nebraska: Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997.    Sisam, Kenneth. â€Å"The Structure of   Beowulf.† In Beowulf: The Donaldson Translation, edited by Joseph F. Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co.: 1975.    Tharaud, Barry. â€Å"Anglo-Saxon Language and Traditions in Beowulf.† In Readings on Beowulf, edited by Stephen P. Thompson. San Diego: Greenhaven Press,1998.    Tolkien, J.R.R.. â€Å"Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics.† In Beowulf – Modern Critical Interpretations, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.    Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000