Cold War Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Cold War Final - Essay Example Between 1947 and 1991, the Soviet Union faced up to the United States and its allies in a political tension that threatened the peace of other uninvolved nations. With the two groups having nuclear capabilities, the world nearly suffered due to differences. While none of the two actually engaged in military attacks against each other, threats were issued as diplomatic rows raged on (Totten, 2013). Unfortunately, even though the row involved only two groups, whatever else happened in the world was largely dictated by the events unfolding between the two. War- whether real or cold- is a detriment to education, and if could be avoided, that is the best option. Totten (2013) claims that the status of US education and the world at large was greatly affected by the standoff. Before the war escalated, the effects were not felt that much but that situation changed as the intensity of the war took to new heights. Sadly, the flashpoints witnessed during this war were passed on to the children hence affecting their lives negatively. Consequently, the relations between the students from the countries at war expressed similar attitudes to each thus polarizing the education status. Great fear seized the Western countries and their respective citizens with many fearing the worst in terms of economic status (Richards, 2012). Many feared that Russia’s financial gains would worsen the matter; the US feared domination of the rest of the world by Russia. As a result, every side tried as much as possible to assemble its allies in case the war turned violent. Furthermore, crisis happening elsewhere in the world saw each of the side support one and oppose the other with stakes. Today, though the intensity of the war is nowhere near that time, Bayulgen and Arbatli (2013) claim that there is still a cold war between the US and Russia. Recently, the US has

Business Paper- Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Paper- Ethics - Essay Example The executives got greedy and started an unethical and illegal accounting scam that cook up the numbers of overstating assets by capitalizing expenses while at the same time recognizing revenue that did not exist. The unethical behavior of this firm caught up to it and by 2002 the company filed bankruptcy and liquidated the little assets that were left leaving thousands of people out of work and out of a pension plan (Time). This paper discusses ethical behavior in the business world by providing related principles, theories and by providing real life examples of ethical behavior in the business environment. The ethical actions of a company and its collective efforts involved all the company’s stakeholders including customers, employees, vendors, suppliers, governmental agencies, shareholders, lenders among other stakeholders. A company must establish a formal code of ethics to ensure consistency and to establish a clear set of guidelines concerning acceptable and unacceptable behavior. An example of an organization that established a code of ethics for its enrolled membership is the Society of Professional Journalist. This organization set standards in its code of ethics regarding the work task and behavior of its members such as: A corporate strategy that has gained a lot of popularity which is related to correct ethical behavior is social responsibility. Social responsibility is a business’s obligation to maximize its positive impact and minimize its negative impact on society (Ferrell, et. al. 39). Firms with corporate responsibility philosophies care about the environment, its customers, the community around the company and the economic well being of its employees and shareholders. A company that has very respectful and effective social responsibility strategy is the world largest retail coffee chain retail store, Starbucks. Starbucks believes that strengthening its relationship with external stakeholders by utilizing communication and

The Consumer Electronics Industry And Apple Company Marketing Essay

The Consumer Electronics Industry And Apple Company Marketing Essay With the global economy boosting rapidly and continuous development of high and new technology, the competition of consumer electronic industry is becoming more intense. Depend on the hi-tech, consumer electronics manufacturers are able to push forward the productivity (Robert G., 2009), constant develop the varieties of consumer electronics, improve quality of product and service to meet consumer changing needs (Jeffrey, 2006), create a better satisfied life and change the society deeply. In the past, consumers have only a little choice in the consumers electronics due to there were not have many manufacturers in this industry, consumers feel easily to select in purchasing decision process (Ralph, 2011), but consumers are overwhelmed by too many choices now. As the consumer electronics marketers have realized in coming face to face with the brutal reality that its more difficult and complexity than ever to beat the competitors, so great is the worry of being shut out of this growing market for global marketers of consumer electronics. Under this market background, the growing role of marketing is to be seen. Marketing is about business creates consumers interest in products and services to the right price and place at the right time (Philip Kotler, 2009). Marketing is relating to understanding the needs wants of consumers and finding ways to offer products services which consumer satisfaction (Adcok, 2001). Marketing as a process for manufacturing, communicating, delivering and exchanging that provide value for consumers (Hochbaum, 2011). The marketing aims at meeting the needs of consumers and consumer satisfaction in return for business profit (Mohan, 2005). The theory of marketing is enriched day by day, the successful marketing is essential to any marketers to succeed (Schultz, 2006). Thus, for being success of marketing as a practice, it can be composed of a coordination of four or seven roles called marketing mix and also is called 4Ps or 7Ps (Chekitan, 2005). Marketing mix as a useful framework is that describes and decides how marketers driven consumer behavior to gain competitive advantages (Dennis, 2001). Marketers use this practice to try to create the optimal responses in the target market by compounding variables in an optimal method (Keller, 2012). Increasingly consumer electronics marketers are also gradually conscious of maintaining their sustainable competitive advantage to marketing by translate their core values into a rational marketing mix framework to effect on consumer purchasing decision (Levinson, 2007), so in the process of marketing, the role of marketing mix are becoming more importance than ever before (Halborg, 2002). Nowadays, consumer electronics marketers strive hard to run their marketing scenario with the right marketing mix which will enable them to foster a strong and sustainable competitive advantage (Schnnaars, 1997), moreover, they are also attempting to come out with sophisticates, effective and aggressive marketing mix are used to drive consumer behaviors to achieve objective of marketing (Meerman, 2011). Despite marketing has own many different definitions, but no matter what, in short, they all try to clarity the essence of marketing is about meeting the wants or needs of consumers (Yelland, 2000). If marketers want to directly driven consumer purchasing behavior in marketing, the premise is that they must determine what the phases of consumer buying decision making process while buying a product (Blackwell, 2005) and which the major factors are affecting consumer purchase behavior in each phase of this buying process. In other word, marketers must to know the demographics of their consumers and demand preference (Rakesh, 2006). Therefore, marketing as management process, which products and services move from concept to the consumer (Caroline, 2003), it is a consumer focused marketing that drives the entire market. Consumer is a central to all marketing activities (Moreno, 2010). Understanding how consumer behavior when they recognizing it, searching for, purchasing to use, evaluating it and expected satisfying will creates potent and available marketing mix (Christensen, 1998). There are many different complex dynamics closely interwoven with marketing, but can exactly forecast consumer behaviors thereby develop effective marketing mix to drive the variables that achieve desired outcome in line with the concept of marketing where consumers are satisfied and marketers meets their objectives( Clayton, 1999). Moreover, once marketers understand their target market, it is most likely their competitive advantages will be delivered to their correct target market and change consumer behavior by marketing mix (Deborah J. 2012), resulting in an expected final sales. Meanwhile, theres more than one perspective to say is that consumer behavior is an analysis of people and it can be used to create marketing mix framework that as a marketing tool to achieve target segments (Harper Boyd, 2007). Hence when the marketing mix and consumers behaviors are intervened, marketers will be able to success in their marketing and higher profits in industry market and sustainable competitive to future marketing development (Baker, 2008). However, experience has taught us that due to the significant differences exist in the relationship between consumers demographic variables and their perceptions of marketing mix in marketing procedure (Michael, 2007). Therefore, leverage operating in this relationship can be deeply challenging. Against this background described above, the Apple will serve as a case study to understand how marketing will successful drive consumer behavior by their marketing mix, this research with explore a relationship between components of marketing about the Apple marketing mix and consumers choice of the Apple product based on effects of demographic variables. With the marketing mix and consumers perception for Apple product, the effects of marketing on consumer behaviors can be understand. The interest for this study will base on the increased attention toward Singapore. Apple is an international enterprise that makes consumer electronics, computer software and commercial service, their core product lines are the iPhone, iPad, iPod music players, Macintosh line of computers, software and iTunes media browser (Kuester, 2009). For now, Apple is one of the worlds largest technological consumer electronics firm and the pioneers of consumer electronic industry by led a technological innovation (Neal Goldsten, 2012), Apples core product had a large market share in current consumer electronic market. Apple is well known for its successful marketing with effective marketing mix, in this digitalize tide (Homburg, 2007), consumer electronics manufacturers create value in the mind of their consumers, but the perception of value is subjective and what consumers value this year may be quite different from what they value next year (Tyson, 2011). Facing this more fierce competitive market, Apple still can successfully analysis the next wave of trend and grasp the continuous change of consumer preferences every time. It is awfully strange: how Apple to drive their marketing with the right marketing mix framework which will enable them to became the current worlds most valuable company by used in different stages of consumer buying decision making process, how the effects of Apple marketing on consumer behavior? the reasons why Apple is really successful strategic secrets of marketing are still a mystery to people, but one thing of which can be sure is that it didnt happen overnight. This research attempts to find that in a successful marketing, if there is a higher influences relationship between consumer behavior and marketing mix based on demographic variables. Through analyze the consumers behavior and perception for marketing of Apple in Singapore, to understand what marketing factors influences on consumer purchasing decision and how marketing mix can change consumer behaviors. I am taking several core products of Apple, iPhone, iPad, iPod, Macintosh line of computers, software and iTunes media browser are involved on this subject research, why is Apple outsells most other companies? How they successful implement the marketing? How are these products becoming a market leading position? What makes consumers go for these products? 1.2 Rationale The rationale is selecting the Apple instead of others of many. Firstly, as my research is Apple centered rather than consumer electronics industry, because different companies have different effects of marketing on consumers buying behavior by different marketing mix framework, but can better understand the process of marketing through my research. The second reason is that only use core product will not broaden the scope of my study, this will benefit from data search that can be easily obtained. Apple started out to get a personal computer in the hands of everyday and unique of products succeeded beyond others. With the introduction of the iPod in 2001, Apple successful established itself as a leader in the consumer electronics market (Kumar, 2011), and transfers a single area of computer from a new direction (Napier, 2010). After these, the success of the iPad has subverted traditional concept of in PC market again (Schneider, 2011). Since 2007, Apple Inc. has published the mobile product of iPhone that it is mean the touch screen has emerged and a real mobile phone war has begun in the mobile world (LaMarche, 2011). Additionally, the iTunes success revolutionizes music industry when Apple rolled out it for the masses in 2003 (Jantsch, 2010). Few companies can disrupt an industry only with a single product is launched, but Apple whose history is filled with such technological world-changing moments. The third reason for using Apple as a case study is that Apple had many successes in marketing. Ill confident of get high quality data richly in my research. 1.2.1 Benefits to the Consumer Electronics Industry and Apple Company To analyze the marketing of Apple by its marketing mix will encourage more consumer electronics business obtain success in the future. This research will bring out the effective marketing mix in consumer electronics industry, which helps in marketers to better understand the needs of consumer and marketing communications to achieve the objectives of marketing. The study also will demonstrate how consumer electronics companies can align their competitive capabilities and core competences to marketing communicate with their consumers and better satisfying the needs of the consumers. Moreover that doesnt mean the Apple product will be the only consumer electronic for everyone and destroy every consumer electronic on the future market. Therefore, this research also will undoubtedly help Apple to better monitor the their marketing framework and their consumers, the research result of consumer purchase behavior will use as a guidance that help enterprise to strategic plan marketing by improve marketing mix for a sustainable competitive advantages, also effective marketing help they in innovate development based on existing products and services to attract more potential consumers and retain the loyalty of old customers, know clearly their future opportunities and threats are faced so that can continually keep an invincible position in future. 1.2.2 Benefits to the Academics and the Society This research will be expected to study marketing based on the relationship between the influence of marketing mix and consumer purchasing behavior with many theories, not much has be studied on what if any factors have effect on customers and their buying choices by business marketing mix in marketing procedure. This research will try to support the future research as much as possible, at the least to describe the latest trends and development of this subject. A study of the significant differences in consumer behavior and their perception of marketing mix based on a distinct geodemographics. Academics and society will benefit from the relative problems of this subject answered by this research. 1.2.3 Personal Benefits As a market researcher, Im particularly interested in the marketing relate to an effects of factors on consumer purchasing decision via marketing mix framework as the mediator will explicitly examined. This will also be a unique opportunity to study marketing that focus on consumer purchasing behaviors and business marketing mix, which will support me in my future career as marketing professional. In addition, as a future manager, this research will show my ability of expertise to recognize marketing planning while meeting tough limited budget and time requirement. This research also will demonstrate my determination in of engaged in marketing management after graduate and encourage my entrepreneurial spirit. 1.3 Research Aims The aim of this dissertation is to research the influence of marketing mix through attitudinal buying behaviors consumers and further to evaluate the effects of marketing mix on attitudinal buying behaviors consumers. To identify the significant differences exist in the relationship between marketing mix perceptions of consumers and their consuming behavioral intentions based on their distinct demographic variables. Determine the influences of Apple marketing mix on consumers and their self-demographic characters have been taken as independent variables, and consumers purchasing intentions toward Apple product would become as a dependent variable. Further how the above mentioned independent variables will impact the consumer purchase intention for an Apple product will try to be studied. To understand consumer behavior understands how they interact the marketing mix that more conducive to effective marketing. From investigate in term of how marketing mix of Apple influence the consumer purchasing decision in Singapore. Additionally, do identify and assess the successful marketing which would be more helpful to my future career way after graduation. 1.4 Research Objectives According to the research problem, rationale and main aim detailed above, my research objectives are: 1. To identify there is a significant differences exist in the relationship between consumers responses for Apple marketing mix and consumer buying behaviors according to demographic variables in Singapore market. 2. To evaluate there is significant differences exist in the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behaviors in Singapore market. 3. To evaluate there is significant differences exist in the relationship between demographic variables and the perceptions of consumers for the Apple marketing mix in Singapore market. 4. To identify there is significant positive relationship between consumers perceptions of Apple products and consumers intentions to buy according to demographic variables in Singapore market. 5. To identify there is significant positive relationship between consumers consciousness of prices for Apple products and consumers intentions to buy according to demographic variables in Singapore market. 6. To identify there is significant positive relationship between consumers perceptions of promotions for Apple products and consumers intention to buy according to demographic variables in Singapore market. 7. To identify there is significant positive relationship between consumers perceptions of channel devilry for Apple products and consumers intention to buy according to demographic variables in Singapore market. 1.5 Research Questions This research will try hard to offer an in-depth analysis of major research problem and seek to overall purposes of research, so research questions are highlighted to the following: 1. Will demographic variables make significant affect consumers intentions to purchase Apple product? 2. Will demographic variables make significant affect consumers perceptions for Apple marketing mix? 3. Will Apple marketing mix has a positive impact on consumer buying behavior? 4. Will the value of Apple product make positive affect consumers intentions to buy on alternative evaluation stage of consumer purchasing decision process? And will the value of money as a significant medium influence on post-purchase and customer loyalty? 5. Will the price of Apple product as a significant medium influence on alternative evaluation stage of consumer purchasing decision process? 6. Will the promotion of Apple make a positive impact on consumers intentions to purchase an Apple product? 7. Will consumption channel of Apple make consumers feel satisfied and comforted? And if has a positive impact on consumers intentions to purchase an Apple product? 1.6 Dissertation Structure CHAPTER TWO Literature Review 2. Literature Review 2.1 Concept of Consumer Buying Behavior Consumer buying behavior is study based on consumer purchase decision making process and act of consumers involved in buying and using products. (businessdictionary.com, 2010). Understand the needs of consumers and their purchase behaviors are important when a marketer comes to success delivering products to the market. (Sheth, 1973) However, the most challenging thing about that every consumer is unique and has his own reason for purchasing a particular product in satisfaction of his needs and wants. Consumer buying behavior also trends to move with change continually in influential factors. As marketers, they must know what factors influence consumer purchase. The earliest literature review on consumer buying behavior is the book of Golden Rules of Business Success by Tao Zhu Gong (Fan Li, 439BC), which record about the importance of understanding the current and forecasting the future consumer purchasing trends, and then educating consumers, thereby influence their purchasing decision (Kotler et al, 1994). There is a wonderful example of how does Apple through evaluate consumer behavior to obtain an effective online marketing. Apple assume about consumer behavior are reflected in their online shopping. In consideration of an assumption for consumers time presses and technical savvy, Apple focus on their products and technology, and design with a tag relating to their core products like iPod, iPhone, Mac and iTunes in website. The design aim at facilitate information intensive and more convenient to consumers online shopping based on Apple behavioral assumption for consumers. This is a minimalist method that Apple assumes their target consumers are suspicious of hard sell, so Apple tries marketing toward soft sell approach. 2.2 Six Stages Consumer Purchasing Process A consumer gets through six stages in any purchase (Vashisht, 2005) (see Figure 1). According to this model, a consumer must first be recognizing a problem based on his needs. This perceiving could be external stimulated by marketing communication, physical cues or seeing the product in use (Neal, 2006). When the consumers are aware of they need, and then meaning the identification of product consumer needs, this stage depends on how important the product is to consumer by socially, economically and psychologically (Adcock, 2001). Once the consumers have recognized a problem, they enter the information search stage on products that look for solutions to their problems. Consumers could undertake both an internal search (memory), and an external search from commercial or public sources (Belch, 2007). Consumers will also tryout the product if possible. The consumers will have a rank or shortlist from which they will buy the products by then. After the information search, the shortlisted products will be compared and evaluated by product attributes, subjective factors or personal criteria (Gilligan, 2007). By the end of alternatives evaluation stage, the consumers would have decided on an ideal product to buy. When the alternatives have been evaluated, the consumers will decide to purchase product includes from whom to buy, where and when to buy, even whether to buy (Vashisht, 2005). Khosla, Swati (2002) notice that marketer must facilitate the action of consumers on purchase intention. In the final stage of post-purchase evaluation, the consumer compares it with his expectations and ranks his purchase levels of satisfaction. The evaluation determines if the consumer will purchase this product again and tell others (Mullin, 2008). With the newest MacBook in June, 2012, a case about the influence of Apple successful marketing on a typical consumers purchase decision making process based on six stages mentioned above. At first a consumer is going to recognizing need. This problem is recognized by the stimulus, like Apples secretive press conference. The result as may not be a truly essential item but still become his needs and he so desperately want it. After recognizing his needs, consumer starts an information search stage. Depend on a high interest, he is going to search all pertinent information for the newest MacBook, because he want understand it better, it include opinions for others and reviews to weight his own options. During this consumer to evaluate the alternatives, the result in the newest MacBook is very different from others and it is an innovative product. Now to his purchase decision, he is inclined to purchase the newest MacBook base his evaluations on a truly need level. Lastly, when he has gained the newest MacBook, he feels satisfaction on the post purchase. 2.3 Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior Various analysts categorize the many factors influencing consumer behavior in different classification. Relevant ways are internal and external factors by Koudelka (1996) and categorization in to sociocultural and psychological factors by Hitesh Bhasin (2010). Mowen and Minor (2009) identifies five factors, which they categorizes in to Personal, Social, Cultural, Psychological and Situational factors effect on consumer purchasing decision (see Figure 2). This way is also endorsed by Kujnish Vashisht et al. (2005). 2.3.1 Personal Factors Gilligan (2009) opinion that each of us is unique traits such as age, knowledge, profession, personality, lifestyle and financial situation will influence our consumer behavior. Kotler (2009) identifies that individual factors are highly linked to the human psychological factors. According personal factors, Apple will segment market into a meaningful consumer groups, better serve toward target consumer groups, provide differentiated serve to target consumers and positioning themselves in the minds of consumers. Another compelling example highlights how does Apple utilizes personal factors to implement their marketing successfully. Due to Gilligans opinion for everybody is unique, Apple allow consumer according to their own favor to download the different software in their devices so that assemble into a unique product for theirself, such as iTouch allow consumers to download their own favor games, music or moves by iTunes, thus everyone has a unique iTouch that should aim to maximize consumer satisfaction. 2.3.2 Cultural Factors Bob Perry (2009) suggests that cultural factors has most important effect on consumer purchasing decision due to they are the major cause of a personal needs and behavior. Cultural factors include personal value, attitude, perception, etc. cultural factors dominated by personal social culture, geographical area, education level or religious belief and life experiences of shape the personal consciousness or behavior ways (Wilson, 2009). Berkman (1986) note that social status also plays a role will be reflected in the consumer purchasing habits by a combination of income, wealth, education, occupation and others. For example, consumers used to measure their social status by their consumption level, higher consumption level represents the higher social status, Apple successful utilizes this variable to induce consumers purchase Apple product on an expensive side. Owning an Apple product has become a contemporary social sign. It means that youre doing well enough financial conditions to piss away on a higher-priced consumption level. 2.3.3 Social Factors Human beings live in a society and social factors are really important influence for individual buying behaviors. Family members, friends, relatives or colleagues often form reference groups who play an important role in influencing the purchasing decision of individuals (Hoyer Haythornthwaite, 2002). Hence, Apple did a smart application about networking, public forums discussion, and online reports share to indirect influencing the consumer emotion. Based on the modern socially-connected world, Apple marketing has benefited to public praise, word of mouth way, social proof or media hype by this variable (Macinnis, 2010). 2.3.4 Psychological Factors Psychological factors include personal motivation, views, needs, attitudes or perception. Marshal (2007) believes that individually psychology is the biggest challenges will be managed. If a resource is scarce, people will put a lot of value to it, Fernbach (2012) said, consumers go nuts, and they want to buy it. The rarer a thing is, the more it is value has been become the Apples marketing mantra is used to driven consumers psychology. Fernbach also indicated two other psychological behavioral factors play a role in helping Apple draw their consumer behaviors to marketing are impatience and herd mentality. Apple thinks that when we see others doing something, we will automatically to following. When Apple release iPhone 5 in September 21st 2012, many consumers take the time to line up outside Meadows mall in order to first to get an iPhone 5 (Denver, 2012). Conformity psychological trend will add personal value, acknowledge and self-recognition (Herzberg, 1987). 2.3.5 Situational Factors Foxall (1998) identified that situational factors accounted for a large proportion of consumer purchasing decision. The act of purchase is influenced by many factors: physical environment (mood, weather or lighting), social surrounds (stores atmosphere) occasion (seasonal pressures) and even temporal perspectives (Stewart, 1987). 2.4 Types of Consumer Buying Behavior Henry Assael (1987) divide buying behavior into four types (see Figure 3), depending upon the extent of involvement and degree of difference among products: complex buying behavior, dissonance reducing buying behavior, habitual buying behavior and variety seeking buying behavior. 2.4.1 Brief Four Types of Consumer Buying Behavior Habitual buying behavior in results when the consumers choose between different substitute products with same features and functions, consumers will go for the one that they has been using before or familiar with it. Kotler (2009) is of the opinion that more due to brand loyalty than habit. Variety seeking consumer buying behavior is a randomly buy, the result when the consumer has decided on a different product every time. Adcock (2001) holds that switch a new brand not due to dissatisfaction for old brand, it only satisfy they to try out the new one. Dissonance reducing buying behavior as the third, consumers will be highly involved in this type of buying behavior due to the cost and risk of the purchase, but will recognize less or no product difference between the brands. They feeling distrust or disappoint (Wilson, 2009). Complex buying behavior takes place when highly involved consumers who compare with full brands of the products in the market. This type of consumer will go through a relative lengthy stage of information search and evaluation based on their needs (Baker, 2003). 2.4.2 The Application for Apple Company The analysis shows that four types of consumer buying behavior-based, Apple successful built their brand loyalists, this type consumers loyal to Apple brand goes beyond the product itself. For example, the loyalists who purchase Apple Mac because of them like and believe in the Apple brand. Apple positions their brand values in mind of consumers. Apple applies these values to design anything. If Apple were to sale a car as result in they should be also successful with their loyal consumers due to loyalists will believe that the same perceived across every Apple product they offer. In this research, according to the concepts, influential factors, purchasing decision making process and types of consumer behavior, consumers gender, age, education level, and income level as the most important demographic variables will be involved in Apple marketing. Apple applies these individual demographic factors to create marketing mix in order to cater consumers satisfactions. These demographic factors play a major role in consumer purchasing decision making process. Hence, the hypothesis one was stated as follow: H1: The significant differences exist in the relationship between demographic variables and consumers intentions to purchase Apple product. 2.5 Marketing Marketing Mix Adock (2007) using Neil Bordens 4Ps (1953) (see Figure 4), identifies marketing is that a right product, in a right place, at the right time and at the right price. Around this conclusion, the market competition between the businesses has moved from product, price, place and promotion to a single p-people, and that people are the consumers. Marketers are able to obtain more consumers that play a major role in deciding the winner in a diverse, complex and rapid changing situation (Uysal, 2005), because of they recognize that it look unlikely to produce one product that will satisfy all consumers in this competition. Instead, marketers must plan marketing mix to guide marketing. The marketing mix is the strategic framework to focus on developing best tactics and strategies to achieve marketplace success based on objectives of marketing. Marketing mix also as a strategic tool is that used in marketers to communicate their marketing objectives and control variables to their target market (Kolter, 2001). It includes 4 types of variables in marketing mix, also called the 4Ps: (1) product: supply of a tangible or intangible item to meet the needs of consumers, such as brand name, functions, design or packaging etc. (2) price: the amount of money a customer pay for the product, it may include pricing, discounts etc. (3) promoti on: the methods of communication that companies to delivery information to consumers, the means like advertising , sales promotions etc. (4) place: a location where is consumer to purchase, the decision such as distribution channels or transportation (Clemons, 2006). 2.6 The Extended Marketing Mix The Extended Marketing Mix of Booms and Bitner (1981) also called 7Ps (see Figure 5), as marketing tool that increase 3 variables based on 4 traditional Marketing Mix framework for seven. The 7Ps model is more useful for technological-intensive industries to attract and retain their consumers (Mauborgne, 2004). The expanded the marketing mix by replenishing the following three additional Ps: People refer to all individuals directly or indirectly involved in the consumption process. They include the workers, employees, management and consumers themselves. Process as methods, procedures of providing quality services and products and is an essential element of the marketing mix. Ph

Andrew Jackson Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Andrew Jackson was born in 1767 and died in 1845. He was also the seventh president of the United States. As Encarta Encyclopedia states, Jackson fought his way to leadership and wealth in a frontier society, and his success established a bond between him and the common people that was never broken. Small farmers, laborers, mechanics, and many other Americans struggling to better themselves looked to Jackson for leadership (1). Jackson moved his way up the chain of the military before becoming president. From an idea in Encarta Encyclopedia, Jackson was a Democrat that was also a hermit. The Democrats considered the opposing party, the National Republicans, later known as the Whigs, aristocrats (1). As McDuffie, Piggrem, and Woodworth stated, Andrew Jackson set many principles such as the spoils system, and the expansion of the electorate. He helped spread the electorate system to the west, and expanded it so not only white property owners could vote, but so whites that didn’t own property. All blacks could not vote and were excluded at all costs. (53). Although blacks and women were still left out of the picture, it helped set the basic properties for later on. The way he did it was not the best for common people, but he was still considered a great president by most people. As in Encarta Encyclopedia, three years before Andrew Jackson was born, his Scotch-Irish parents, emigrated to America from Northern Ireland. They had two sons at the time. Andrew’s Father took up farming, and died three days before Andrew was born. The widow Jackson moved her family into the home of a nearby relative, where Andrew spent his days growing up. He learned how to read, and was often called upon by the community to read the Philadelphia Newspaper. (3) Andrew Jackson held many military and other job positions while working his way up through the government chain. As in Encarta Encyclopedia, he started off by studying under Spruce Macay who was a lawyer in Salisbury, North Carolina. He started his own practice in 1787. He then was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. After one year in the House, Jackson was elected to fill out an unexpected term in the U.S. Senate. He served for over a year and then retired to his private life (3). As Robert S. Summers posted, in Tennessee, Jackson was appointed to judge of the state superior court. He was at that position for a... ...d or supplies. Instead of disbanding as ordered, he led his troops back to Tennessee without a scratch. They called him old hickory because he was a tough as hickory wood. And lastly, Jackson was the only president to have been a prisoner of war. He was thirteen when he joined the South Carolina militia to fight in the Revolutionary War. After his capture, he was ordered to clean the boots of a British officer. Jackson refused, so the officer drew his sword and slashed Jackson across the forehead and arm, which left a scar. This is the story of an amazing man who led the country to bigger and better things. He was a down to earth guy who made good decisions, and was tough and earned everything he got the hard way. Andrew Jackson is a class act that is as tough as an old hickory! Works Cited Jerome McDuffie, Gary Piggrem, and Steven Woodworth. AP History Guide. Piscataway, NJ: REA Publishing â€Å"Jackson, Andrew.† Encarta Encyclopedia. 1999. â€Å"Jackson, Andrew.† Britannica Encyclopedia. 1995. Summers, Robert S. â€Å"The Internet Public Library-Andrew Jackson.† <a href="http://www.ipl.org/ref/POTUS/ajackson.html">http://www.ipl.org/ref/POTUS/ajackson.html. 10 February 2000.

The Beat That Stole My Heart

A Personal Narrative by Giuditta Paci. February 2nd, 2013. The Beat That Stole My Heart†¦ It seems like some things have never happened to me or I am an alien from some other distant planet. â€Å"Human beings† surprise me, make me cry, make me laugh and make me happy. That Saturday night, my â€Å"alien being† went out the house in desperate search of meaningful paths, beautiful smiles, the sounds of music and something that would make my heart beat just a little faster.Summer was almost over and I was thinking about how strange was the world and how could I possibly find someone to share some interesting conversation and a good dance before the warm and hazy summer nights will turn in to cold and lonely winter nights. It is not that I was broken hearted by the thought that my patience has come to its end, and that I may have to spend the last few weeks of summer wondering about a possible date that will never happen. I looked at the vast starry night-sky and cont inued to walked towards the Bar. I sat there thinking about how I wanted to be another person.I longed for interaction with the opposite sex. Eventually, I realized what my main problem was. I felt that I could not overcome all the â€Å"love† obstacles that life had made me face in the past. I recalled everything I have read in books about love as well as everything that I have experienced myself. In the books everything seemed to be much smoother and easier. My main thought was â€Å"how people can possibly spend their whole life together and stay in love? † specially after ending a ten year marriage only three months ago, and experiencing the big disappointment that love does not last forever.The music started and made me feel even more stupid: standing alone at the bar, listening to songs about love and relationships, without anyone here with me to dance or have a meaningful conversation with. I was ready to leave and call it a night. I decided to walk outside to b reath some air before departing. The summer wind woke me up from my dream and I took a deep breath and looked around. Suddenly I saw this attractive male. He was walking towards me†¦ As there was no one else outside, everyone was inside dancing and having a good time or so I thought.He definitely caught my attention. As he was getting closer I felt a strange sensation in my stomach†¦ I was nervous and didn’t understand why. I had never seen this person before and yet I felt this strange connection. He came up to me and said, â€Å"Hi! Are you enjoying the music? † I replied â€Å"Well, to be honest with you I wasn’t really paying attention. I was getting ready to leave. † This made him laugh for some reason. I felt a bit irritated as if he had broken my unity with nature and disturbed my thoughts with his presence and questions.All the sudden I took a good look at him. I hadn’t really before. He was relatively tall, dark hair, and deep bl ue eyes. His smile reminded me of those toothpaste TV commercials. A perfect smile. He had this smooth but primal Aura to him that made him very attractive and sexy. I could not clearly identify the age, but he looked like he was around 30-36 years old. He seemed so peaceful and yet so full of life and adventure, he was definitely in harmony with himself†¦ He had an edgy style. He was dressed appropriately for this type of event. He looked very much like a â€Å"rock star. Which made me even more curious about him, Part of me has always being attracted to that kind of â€Å"look† At that point I wanted to know who he was and where did he come from? I didn’t do a great job with that. Anyhow, this is how the rest of our conversation went. Me, â€Å"I think I should go home. It’s the same thing here every Saturday. I love being around people, but it’s always the same people. † –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Him, â€Å"Well I guess you are right in a way†¦ Although tonight is different†¦ at least the music is†¦ You should come inside and check out the band. You may just change your mind. He looked at me, smiled, and made the gesture to follow him inside. I agreed to go with him to check out this â€Å"Band. † I thought about how kind of him to invite me in, at that moment I realized that we hadn’t exchanged names yet. I was now following a complete stranger without even knowing their name. That’s smart I thought! Once inside the venue, he went straight on to the stage and sat in front of the drum set. I was shocked. He was the drummer of the â€Å"band. † I have to be honest, I was a little embarrassed with the way I had acted when we were outside.At this point nothing mattered anymore. The music started playing, and I immediately got captivated by their sounds. My mood had completely shifted from a depressed moody bitch to completely happy girl! Now I was dancing to his beat. My body was moving along with this erotic and Alternative sound. I remember this energy rising thru my spine that made feel alive and aroused. In my mind he was playing for me, or at least that’s what It felt like to me. A couple of times I directed my gaze at him. He was so amazingly handsome and talented. I can honestly say I could see his soul.He was in a trance like state, just like Shamans when they chant or drum in ceremonies for people who are looking for a way to heal their souls. Now, I was now one of those souls. My soul was not only getting healed but my heart was falling in love. It was not only the music or the way he pulsated on the drums. There was a connection that I had never felt before. I could not understand at that very moment what was happening to me. That night I knew it was going to be the beginning of a whole new chapter in my life. Maybe after all†¦ Those winter nights may not be as cold and long as I thought they would be.

Getting To Yes

I played the part of the agent for this exercise and Chloe played the role of business manager. In this case, I was trying to negotiate a deal for Sally Soprano. Basically my job was to make sure that she got the lead role of Norma. Sally did not care how much she was going to get paid; she just wanted the role because it was going to revitalize her career. This lead role would then give her momentum to get into different mediums such as movies and television.Right off the bat in the negotiations I tried to separate the person from the problem. Instead of coming right out and telling Chloe that I wanted this, this, and this, I asked her about what she thought about Sally and how she might affect the show. I also asked her about what she felt about having Sally be the lead performer instead of telling her how great Sally would be for the part. I wanted to make sure that we talked about all of the outstanding issues at hand before we even started negotiating about who get what in the s ituation.While I was using this technique I felt that Chloe was becoming much more comfortable with my approach and me. Instead of putting her on the defensive and guarding her position. I felt that she was much more willing to work with me and cooperate on the negotiations. It worked because in the end I feel like we came to a deal that worked very well for all parties involved.I remember Chloe using the technique of generating options for mutual gain. So my main goal we discovered was to make sure that Sally Soprano could have enough publicity that would launch her into tv and movies. Chloe wanted to make sure the theatre could sustain itself and stay financially viable. So we exchanged many different ideas about how we could both mutually benefit from each other. We discussed profit sharing and different ways to split up the money. I had to relay to Chloe that Sally Soprano was a veteran who could guarantee a great show/ performance. Yet Chloe was hesitant to want to sign such an ageing star, this lead to some conflict.A part that I could have used more would have been focusing on interest and not so much on positions. I tried to stay open and accommodating yet I had to hammer home the fact that Sally needed to get the lead role and there was no other way around it. This may have led to some roadblocks in out bargaining and may have been a poor choice on my part. Yet in the end we decided on Sally would get the main part for 18,000 and would be guaranteed three additional shows in the future to ensure that she got the kind of exposure that she wanted.As a person who is new to the GTY method of negotiating I think that separating the people from the problems is the hardest part of negotiating with this new technique. Some people are hard wired into thinking that they must fight for what they have to get and are on the opposite team as the other person. Yet I feel like what GTY teaches most is making deals the benefit both parties involved. Which in the end i s what both people want.

Free Essays on Credit Scoring

The Problem The insurance industry has begin using customers ‘credit history as the basis for underwriting to determine the insurance premium. This method is being applied to all aspects of property and casualty insurance and in some states is considered an unfair practice. Using this method to determine customers’ premiums has made insurance unaffordable and caused a financial hardship to some customers. Organization renewal is an important factor in business, but this type of renewal seems to do more harm to the consumer by increasing profits for the insurance companies. Micro Identification The micro identification of this problem is that insurance companies will have a better book of business by writing insurance for people with high credit scores. Insurance companies have found that people with high credit scores usually will not file a claim for something they have the money to pay for themselves. Macro Identification The macro identification of this problem is that customers with low credit scoring usually do not have disposable income and rely on credit or insurance to cover a loss that occurs. When using credit, payments are usually late or not made, which the insurance companies use to place these people in a high-risk category for premium underwriting. Initial Date that the Problem Exists The first time I became aware of this problem is when I was filing a new insurance policy form and rate memorandum in the State of Maryland. The Maryland Department of Insurance sent me a letter stating, we need to state in the policy that if credit scores were being used as an underwriting tool, it could not be the only means used to determine the customers risk factor in determining their premium rate. I started researching the trade publications, National Underwriter, CPCU News Magazine, Best’s Insurance News, FairIsaac and Consumer Federation of America, Independent Insurance Agent, as a few of my sourc... Free Essays on Credit Scoring Free Essays on Credit Scoring The Problem The insurance industry has begin using customers ‘credit history as the basis for underwriting to determine the insurance premium. This method is being applied to all aspects of property and casualty insurance and in some states is considered an unfair practice. Using this method to determine customers’ premiums has made insurance unaffordable and caused a financial hardship to some customers. Organization renewal is an important factor in business, but this type of renewal seems to do more harm to the consumer by increasing profits for the insurance companies. Micro Identification The micro identification of this problem is that insurance companies will have a better book of business by writing insurance for people with high credit scores. Insurance companies have found that people with high credit scores usually will not file a claim for something they have the money to pay for themselves. Macro Identification The macro identification of this problem is that customers with low credit scoring usually do not have disposable income and rely on credit or insurance to cover a loss that occurs. When using credit, payments are usually late or not made, which the insurance companies use to place these people in a high-risk category for premium underwriting. Initial Date that the Problem Exists The first time I became aware of this problem is when I was filing a new insurance policy form and rate memorandum in the State of Maryland. The Maryland Department of Insurance sent me a letter stating, we need to state in the policy that if credit scores were being used as an underwriting tool, it could not be the only means used to determine the customers risk factor in determining their premium rate. I started researching the trade publications, National Underwriter, CPCU News Magazine, Best’s Insurance News, FairIsaac and Consumer Federation of America, Independent Insurance Agent, as a few of my sourc...